Nil Angli_海洋可持续发展空间.pdf

1、1Space for Maritime Sustainability2 2Science andExplorationEnabling and SupportSafety and SecurityApplicationsESA Pillars3ESA UNCLASSIFIED For ESA Official Use Only ESA UNCLASSIFIED For ESA Official Use Only 3Economy:Economy:Maritime transport is the backbone of international trade and the global ec

2、onomy:around 90%of traded goods are transported by sea.As demand for global freight increases,maritime trade volumes are set to triple by 2050.Emissions:Emissions:Shipping is one of the most efficient transport modes,however it is still responsible for 2.9%of total greenhouse emissions.In 2018 IMO s

3、et the goal to halve GHG emissions by 2050.Biodiversity:Biodiversity:Maritime transport has an impact on marine ecosystems as it accounts for the largest source of introduction of non-indigenous species in Europe with ballast water(up to 25%)and hull fouling(up to 21%).Pollution:Pollution:Oil spills

4、 are one of the most concerning sources of marine pollution,oil spills can originate from deliberate operational discharges,from negligence,such as poor maintenance of equipment,or from the consequences of an accident or incident,such as a vessel collision or grounding or a pipeline rupture.Other fo

5、rms of pollution from maritime transport,such as noise pollution,can also have serious consequences on the marine ecosystem.Safety at sea:Safety at sea:The sea remains a changing,challenging and perilous environment.In 2021,2854 ships were involved in casualties and accidents in EU waters,resulting

6、in the loss of 14 ships,and 35 fatalities.With the digitalisation of ships,and increase in autonomy,cybersecurity is becoming a central element of safety at sea.Illicit activities:Illicit activities:freedom of navigation is a vital principle of international law.Society and economy can be affected b