如何利用碳抵消、全球市场和OSAR技术推动新兴经济体的车队升级和清洁内燃机发展.pdf

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1、Leveragingvoluntarycarbonoffsets,evolvingglobalmarkets,and OSARtechnologyfor incentivizingfleet modernization/cleaner internalcombustionin emergingeconomiesAlbertoAyala,PhD,MSEExecutive Director,Sacramento Metropolitan Air QualityManagementDistrictAdjunct Professor,Mechanical,Materials,andAerospace

2、Engineering,West VirginiaUniversityFormer DeputyExecutive Officer,CaliforniaAirResources BoardacknowledgmentsThankyouCE-CERTfora decade+of advancing PEMSknowledgeOSARprogressoverthedecadesEarly2000sTodayARB lab LA MTA Weve comealong way And learned a lot Fromearlydays of SPOT and RAVEN ToEPA/ARB/EMA

3、measurementallowance program Totodays PEMS and OSAR Expanding globalpolicy drivers forclimateaction More/faster-air and climatepollution reductionssorely needed“Burningfossilfuels is threateninghuman well-being and stabilityofmuch of life on Earth,and our chance toavoid most severeimpacts is fast mo

4、ving out of reach.”IPCC Privatesector bringingto market growing number of EVs,low-carbon fuels,and other mobility solutions But,globally,a bumpy road ahead for EVs Electrified technologies(andtheir e-fuels)too costly and unprovenfor many end-uses Lack of a sufficient and readily availablecharging/fu

5、eling infrastructure And supply/distribution/storage of renewable energy Decades arelikely needed to reachscaleandlower costs We need harmonywith cleanercombustion technology(and its fuels)Cleancombustion necessarilyplaysa roleintransitionto zero-carbon futureTransitiontozerohasbegun Given barriersi

6、n low-and middle-incomeeconomies,thereis skepticismand reluctance about EV transition“Airpollution is a threat to health in all countries,but it hits people in low-and middle-income countries thehardest”WHO Director-General Dr.Ghebreyesus.Mightthere be anotherwayto incentivizecleaner/affordable/lowe