美政府问责局：2022年脱碳碳捕集利用和封存的现状挑战和政策选择报告（英文版）（87页）.pdf

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1、 United States Government Accountability Office Report to Congressional Addressees TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT Decarbonization Status,Challenges,and Policy Options for Carbon Capture,Utilization,and Storage September 2022 GAO-22-105274 The cover image displays graphical examples of how carbon capture,util

2、ization,and storage may be incorporated into a city,including direct air capture and point-source capture of CO2 with deep underground storage,as well as use of low-carbon footprint or CO2-based materials for new building projects and aviation fuel.Cover source:GAO.|GAO-22-105274 United States Gover

3、nment Accountability Office Highlights of GAO-22-105274,a report to congressional addressees September 2022 TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT Decarbonization Status,Challenges,and Policy Options for Carbon Capture,Utilization,and Storage What GAO found Many technologies for carbon capture,utilization,and storag

4、e(CCUS)are ready for wider demonstration or deployment,but multiple challenges limit their use.Carbon capture includes technologies that separate and purify carbon dioxide(CO2)from a source,which could be an industrial facility(point-source capture)or the atmosphere(direct air capture).Applications

5、of capture technologies at point sources are mature in some sectors(e.g.,natural gas processing)but require further demonstration in some of the highest-emitting sectors(e.g.,power generation).Direct air capture is not as mature,but has been implemented at pilot scale.Lengthy time to deployment and

6、high costs hinder widespread deployment of both types of carbon capture in the near term.Technologies for transporting,storing,and directly using captured CO2 are mature.Companies are beginning to commercialize utilization technologies that convert captured CO2 into valuable products such as ethanol