使用硫的可持续金属回收.pdf

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1、Sustainable metal recovery using sulfurAntoine Allanore Professor of Metallurgy MIT-Materials Science&Engineering allanoremit.eduUpstream low value added inherent to the sector,makes incremental solutions unlikely to mitigate the environmental impact while maintaining the highest standards.Steelshap

2、eSupply chain(1)2$/tmetalMetal(wt%)Upstream low value added inherent to the sector,makes incremental solutions unlikely to mitigate the environmental impact while maintaining the highest standards.SteelshapeSupply chain(1)2$/tmetal1750350052507000020405060100CrTiMnAlFeAlloyLME MetalConcentrateOreCom

3、poundMetal(wt%)SteelshapeProcesses based on hydrometallurgy and organic solvents are the most expensive and questionable from a sustainability standpoint3255075100CapexGlobalWarmingPotentialOther Metal ContentSupply chain(2)Process TechnologyBottleneck Minerals processingCrackingLeachingSolventMiner

4、alogical barrier and energy consumptionTMS 2022Mineralogical barrier and energy consumptionTMS 2022The volume of material handled is larger in aqueous than solid-state separations.Processes converge at low feedstock grades.HIGHER RECOVERYincrease liberation size enhance separationcoarsening partial

5、melting new phasehigh temperaturedensitymagneticsulfides(5.5)vsoxides(7.3)sulfur chemistryMaterials Processing-directions6solid vs melt vs gasHIGHER RECOVERYincrease liberation size enhance separationcoarsening partial melting new phasehigh temperaturehigh temperaturedensitymagneticsulfides(5.5)vsox

6、ides(7.3)sulfur chemistrysulfur chemistrysulfides vsoxidesliquid vs solidMaterials Processing-directions7BETTER SELECTIVITYchange chemistrychange state of mattersolid vs melt vs gasSelective sulfidation flow-sheet8Stinn and Allanore,Nature,2022Mixed Metal OxidesIsolated Metal OxideIsolated Metal Sul