直接芯片、两阶段冷却性能指标和PFAS（全氟和多氟烷基物质）可持续性.pdf

1、Dr.Richard Bonner,CTO,AccelsiusDirect-to-Chip,Two-Phase Cooling Performance Metrics and PFAS SustainabilityCooling solution choice impacts sustainability in several ways,including:Energy consumptionWater consumptionEnvironmentHealthTwo-Phase cooling can drastically reduce energy and water consumptio

2、n because of inherent performance benefits over other cooling solutionsTwo-Phase cooling solutions almost always use some form of PFAS as a working fluidThis presentation will provide an overview of two-phase cooling,two-phase direct-to-chip thermal performance,and key sustainability issues related

3、to two-phase cooling including resource consumption and PFASOverviewImages above depicting nucleate boiling regime(left)and critical heat flux limit(right)for boiling along the surface of an electrically heated wire(“The Art of Two-Phase,Direct-to-Chip Cooling”,Data Center Frontier,I.Mudawar)The exp

4、ansion of vapor causes the fluid and thermal boundary layers local to the heated surface to mix,resulting in excellent heat transport(lower wall temperatures)compared to single-phase forms of coolingThe latent heat of phase change allows the departing vapor to take away a substantial amount of heatL

5、iquid must be supplied to the heated surface to continue boiling,otherwise,dry-out and exceptionally poor performance will resultIt is not new,but it is complexTwo-Phase Cooling MechanismGeneral benefitsSimilar or even lower thermal resistance than single-phase water or single-phase immersion coolin

6、gTwo-phase cooling does not need to rely solely on forcing flow through small channels or extended surfaces for enhancement,benefiting from boiling and evaporationLess risk of erosionNo leakage concerns with dielectric fluids,fluids can contact IT gear directlyBetter thermal uniformity across the ch