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1、Science&TechnologyTrends 2023-2043Across the Physical,Biological,and Information DomainsNATO Science&Technology OrganizationVOLUME 2:AnalysisScience and Technology OrganizationThe research and analysis underlying this report and its conclusions were conducted by the NATO S&TOrganization(STO)drawing

2、upon the support of the Alliances defence S&T community,NATO AlliedCommand Transformation(ACT),and the NATO Communications and Information Agency(NCIA).This report does not represent the official opinion or position of NATO or individual governments butprovides considered advice to NATO and Nations

3、leadership on significant S&T issues.DISCLAIMERDale F.Redinglvaro Martn BlancoAngelo De LuciaCol Laura A.Regan,USAF,PhDDaniel BaylissNATO Science&Technology OrganizationOffice of the Chief ScientistNATO HeadquartersB-1110 BrusselsBelgiumhttp:www.sto.nato.intDistributed free of charge for information

4、al purposes;hard copies may be obtained on request,subject to availability,from the NATO Office of the Chief Scientist.The sale and reproduction of this report for commercial purposes isprohibited.Extracts may be used for bona fide educational and informational purposes,subject to attribution to the

5、NATO S&T Organization.Unless otherwise credited,all non-quantitative graphics were generated through deep learning,text-to-image Gener-ative AI models using Stable Diffusion 2.1 or sourced from and used under Creative Commonslicensing.Copyright NATO Science&Technology Organization,2023First publishe

6、d,March 2023ForewordAstheworldslargestcollabo-rative forum forscience and tech-nology(S&T)re-search in securityand defence,theSTO aims to em-powerNATOstechnological edge.It works to achievethis vision through an active network of around 5,000dedicated scientists,engineers,and analysts who carryout m