可靠的模块需要耐用的玻璃.pdf

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1、Reliable Modules Need Durable GlassTeresa M.Barnes,Martin Springer,Ashley Gaulding,Ellie Palmiotti,Tim Silverman,Mike Deceglie,Nick Bosco,and Ingrid RepinsSupported by NREL Reliability Core and DuraMATNREL|2Tough B P got biggerWafer sizeModule size and floppier modules are 40-60%biggerglass is getti

2、ng thinner:3.2 to 2.0 mmheat-strengthened rather than temperedframes are getting smaller and load bearing.partially supportedlong spanfully supportedlong spanshort spanDropping Your Standards IEC 61215-1:2021The minimum required design load per this document is 1600 Pa,resulting in a minimum testloa

3、d of 2400 Pa.IEC 61215-1:2005 IEC 62938:2020(inhomogeneous snow loads)if the module is to be qualified to withstand heavy accumulations of snow and ice,the test load is increased to 5400PaTest load=1.5(safety factor)x design load+5400 Pa/-2400 Pa+1500 Pa/-1500 PaTest load+3600 Pa/-1600 Pa+1000 Pa/-1

4、000 PaDesign loadStatic mechanical load testing Qualification test IEC 612159NREL|8Static Load Test Does NOT Reproduce Field FailureAfter Static Load TestBoth of these are“fully tempered”according to ASTM C1048-18(but not fully tempered SAFETY glass)Observed in the FieldGlass is weird,and brittle fr

5、acture is stochastic no external load large edge defect thin 2.0 mm glasssingle crackNREL|10Thin Glass is Unforgiving Reduced glass strength Surface and edge flaws Edge pinch Inadequate support of module Glass contact with to Break Glass?NREL|11Glass heat strengthening Heat treatments introduce comp

6、ressive surface stress that squeezes flaws together Makes it harder for flaws to open Open flaws can propagate into cracksE.C.Palmiotti et al.,IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics,2025,doi:10.1109/JPHOTOV.2025.3526170.threshold that,when coupled with other factors,has significantly increased the probabilit