1、epo.orgepo.orgAdvances in photovoltaics Technology trends for solar energyJuly 2025In collaboration withADVANCES IN PHOTOVOLTAICS TECHNOLOGY INSIGHT REPORTepo.org|02ContentsList of tables and figures 03List of abbreviations 05List of countries and world regions 05Executive summary 06Glossary 091.Int

2、roduction 111.1 Policy context.111.2 Market situation.141.3 Technologies for photovoltaics.151.4 About this report.162.Technology trends in photovoltaics 222.1 General technology trends.222.2 Specific technologies.273.Origins of innovation 413.1 Regional trends.413.2 Top applicants.433.3 Focus on Eu

3、ropean startups and universities.504.Conclusions and outlook 555.Bibliography 565.1 List of scholarly sources(articles,chapters).565.2 Other sources(reports,policy briefs).566.Annex/Methodology 586.1 Using patent information.586.2 Methodology of this EPO technology insight report.586.3 Patent retrie

4、val .586.4 Data sources and tools used.596.5 Notes on the limits of the study .60Table of contents|Executive summary|1.Introduction|2.Trends|3.Origins|4.Conclusions|AnnexADVANCES IN PHOTOVOLTAICS TECHNOLOGY INSIGHT REPORTepo.org|03List of tables and figuresTablesTable 2:Share of technical sub-areas

5、in photovoltaics in percent(IPF-based,period:1990-2023).27Table 1:Top five technologies at the beginning of each decade in the period 1990-2023 (IPF-based;cumulative share of IPFs).27Table 3:Development of specific technologies(IPFs,1990-2023).28Table 4:Revealed technology advantage(RTA)related to t

6、he photovoltaic technologies covered in this insight report:top 5 sub-fields(IPF-based).43Table 5:Top 20 applicants in photovoltaics(international patent families;period:1990-2023).44Table 6:List of top applicants at the beginning of the 1990s,and in the last decade(IPF-based).46Table 7:Patenting ac