1、Authors:Shravan K.Chunduri,Michael Schmela Cell&Module Technology Trends 2025Key Developments In TOPCon,HJT&BC Solar Cells and Modules2 TaiyangNews|Cell&Module Technology TrendsCell&Module Technology Trends|TaiyangNews 3Executive SummaryTodays PV technology landscape reflects an ecosystem where mult

2、iple technologies coexist.While TOPCon has emerged as the standard,its contemporaries heterojunction(HJT)and the more advanced back contact(BC)structure-are also in high-volume production,with notable progress across all.Although some innovations remain technology-specific,others especially at the m

3、odule level are increasingly applicable across platforms.This report offers a high-level overview of such developments.Starting upstream,an important innovation in ingot production is LONGis proprietary TRCZ process,which offers precise resistivity control from seed to tail while maintaining RCZs co

4、st advantages.TaiRay wafers made via TRCZ also enable better gettering.Regarding wafer specifications,BC is the most demanding,followed by TOPCon,while HJT is the most forgiving,particularly in terms of oxygen content.In TOPCon,one major advancement is laser-assisted contact formation,which decouple

5、s metal contact recombination from contact resistivity.Deposition methods like LPCVD and PECVD now deliver comparable performance,having overcome earlier limitations.PVD is also emerging as a viable third option.Another notable trend is edge passivation,addressing defects from slicing large wafers i

6、nto halves.Simultaneously,vendors are developing tools tailored to half-cell processing,a practice long established in HJT.Meanwhile,patent disputes have created uncertainty in some markets,prompting shifts away from TOPCon especially in the U.S.Looking ahead,Several TOPCon manufacturers are explori