1、 Knowledge Intensive Business Services(KIBS),Digital Services(DS)and Barriers Faced by Women in International Trade in Services APEC Group on Services July 2025 Knowledge Intensive Business Services(KIBS),Digital Services(DS)and Barriers Faced by Women in International Trade in Services APEC Group o

2、n Services July 2025 APEC Project:GOS 02 2022 Produced by Gabriel Kattan Abusleme For Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Secretariat 35 Heng Mui Keng Terrace Singapore 119616 Tel:(65)68919 600 Fax:(65)68919 690 Email:infoapec.org Website:www.apec.org 2025 APEC Secretariat APEC#225-CT-01.13 2 TABLE OF

3、 CONTENTS I.Introduction 3 II.Regulatory barriers and statistics on trade in the KIBS and DS sectors 5 A.Trade and regulatory barriers 5 B.Trade trends 15 III.Regulatory Barriers faced by Women in the KIBS and DS sectors 18 A.General Information and Participation of Women in the Company 18 B.Challen

4、ges Related to Access to Markets or International Trade Opportunities for Women in KIBS 19 C.Public Policies 22 D.Findings 23 IV.Conclusions and recommendations 24 Annex I.Methodology 27 Annex II.DTRI Score and Ranking by APEC Economies 31 Annex III.Trade Statistics 32 A.APEC and World DS Total Trad

5、e,2019-2023 32 B.APEC DS Total Trade,by economy,2019 2023.33 C.APEC DS Total Trade,by sector,2019 2023.34 D.APEC DS Exports,by sector and economy,2019 2023.35 E.APEC DS Imports,by sector and economy,2019 2023.36 Annex IV.Questionnaire 37 Annex V.Results of the Questionnaire 51 List of abbreviations

6、73 3 I.Introduction In recent years,public opinion has increasingly focused on the future direction of international trade.A growing emphasis on fostering inclusive economic growth is a key component of broad trade liberalization initiatives.This approach is justified not only by moral consideration