1、Higher education gender analysis:access to employability and entrepreneurship opportunitieswww.britishcouncil.orgSub-Saharan Africa:Ghana,Kenya,Nigeria and South AfricaMay 2025ContentsAbbreviations 5Executive summary 61 Introduction and context 101.1 Objectives and scope of the study 112 Research me

2、thods and conceptual framework 122.1 Desk/literature review 132.2 Questionnaire survey 132.3 Interviews 132.4 Ethical considerations 142.5 Data analysis 142.6 Limitations 143 Gender analysis framework 154 Higher education in Africa:recent developments in gender,employability and entrepreneurship 184

3、.1 Some recent developments 184.2 Persistent challenges 194.3 Emerging opportunities 225 Challenges and barriers to entrepreneurship opportunities 236 Challenges and barriers to employability opportunities 296.1 Growing unemployment 296.2 Inadequate policies and frameworks 306.3 Societal norms and s

4、tructural inequalities 306.4 Building capacities and skills for employability 316.5 Affirmative actions 32AcknowledgementsCommissioners:Meekness Lunga and Adetomi Soyinka(British Council)Project lead:Dr James Otieno Jowi(ANIE&Moi University,Kenya)Research teams:Ghana:Professor Goski Alabi and Dr Max

5、well Gakpo(Accra Metropolitan University);Dr Munkaila Abdulai(University of Professional Studies)Kenya:Prof.Kefa Lidundu Simwa and Dr.James Otieno Jowi(Moi University&ANIE);Verah Owiti(ANIE);Blair Joseph(ANIE)Nigeria:Professor Lilian-Rita Akudolu and Dr.Kingsley Chinaza Nwosu (Nnamdi Azikiwe Univers

6、ity);Ordia Akello(ANIE)South Africa:Dr Beatrice Akala and Dr Oluwakemi Ajayi(University of the Witwatersrand);Charney Shivonje Akala(University of Johannesburg)Reviewers(British Council):Anna OFlynn Etom Ofem Foluke Fadare Alice Wekesa Daniel Emenahor Richard Shiangbor Akorfa Dawson Olipa Ntawanga T