Mike Clare_地球上最快的水下水流.pdf

1、THE FASTEST UNDERWATER FLOWS ON EARTHMICHAEL CLARE&ISOBEL YEOSALLY WATSON,RICHARD WYSOCZANSKI,SARAH SEABROOK,KEVIN MACKAY,JAMES HUNT,EMILY LANE,PETER TALLING,EDWARD POPE,SHANE CRONIN,MARTA RIB GENE,TAANIELA KULA,DAVID TAPPIN,STUART HENRYS,CORNEL DE RONDE,MORELIA URLAUB,STEFFAN KUTTEROLF,MIKE WILLIAM

2、S 1.6 million km of subsea telecoms cables 400 cable systems 99%of intercontinental digital data trafific 150-200 faults per year Wilcock(2021)and TelegeographyThe specific case of natural hazards Only account for 10-20%of subsea cablefaultsBut.Affect cables in all water depths 30%of faults in deep

3、water Can affect multiple systemssynchronously over large areas leading to$100Ms repair and bigger knock on effectsClare et al.(2022)after Kordahi et al.(2019)Talling(2021)WavesCurrentsFloodsCoastal erosionClare et al.(2022)Sea Level RiseFlood triggered cable-damaging flows ran out 1200 km into the

4、deep sea during first COVID-19 lockdownMany climate change-driven hazards will likely increase in frequency&magnitude Most regions are resilient due to:Redundancy in the network Ready access to repair ships Sufficient replacement stocksThe South Pacific is an exception Morel(2022)TongatapuNASAGLOBAL

5、 IMPACTSDr Fakailoatonga Taumoefolau(15/01/22)and then,in the middle of a crisis.TongatapuHunga volcano Repair to international cable took 5 weeks Domestic cable repaired 1.5 years laterEXTENSIVE SEAFLOOR CABLE DAMAGEClare&Yeo et al.(Science,2020)TongatapuHunga volcano Repair to international cable

6、took 5 weeks Domestic cable repaired 1.5 years laterSemisi Panuve,CEO Tonga Cable Ltd.EXTENSIVE SEAFLOOR CABLE DAMAGEClare&Yeo et al.(Science,2020)100 m erosion 20 m deposition A very big hole!900 m vertical change6 km3 erupted volumeWhat caused the extensive