1、C&I ESS C2C Dual-link Safety White Paper Comprehensive Safety from Cell to ConsumptionJointly released by Huawei Digital Power and TV RheinlandPREFACEAs carbon neutrality has become a shared mission of the world,investment is accelerating global low-carbon energy transformation.In 2023,global in

2、vestment in this sector grew by 17%,reaching an annual record of USD1.77 trillion.Additionally,carbon taxes and subsidy policies have further driven companies towards low-carbon energy transformation1.Up to now,17 provinces and cities in China have issued subsidy policies for energy storage.With ris

3、ing electricity prices and declining costs of PV systems and energy storage systems(ESSs),the deployment of PV+ESS has created business value,and the return on investment(ROI)of C&I ESS projects increases significantly.In 2023,the global demand for C&I ESSs experienced explosive growth.The i

4、nstalled capacity growth rate of C&I ESSs surpassed those of utility-scale and residential ESSs,doubling in scale2.However,with the explosive growth of global C&I ESS requirements,the frequency of safety accidents also increases sharply.According to the incomplete statistics of the industry

5、database of the Energy Storage Application Branch(CESA)of the China Chemical and Physical Power Industry Association,117 energy storage accidents have occurred worldwide since November 2009.Among them,61 accidents occurred in the past three years,accounting for more than half of the total accidents.

6、1 In addition,the accident occurrence frequency is still rising.The number of energy storage accidents in the first 10 months of 2024 has surpassed the total for 20233.The percentage of C&I ESS accidents reaches three quarters.Accidents frequently occur because of companies sacrificing product q