1、Carbon capture and utilisation Unlocking value from emissionsContentsIntroduction .31.The vast potential of CO2 as a raw material .4Fuels .5Chemicals and polymers .52.Four steps to successful carbon utilisation implementation .7Step 1:Evaluate CCU landscape and technologies,conduct techno-economics

2、and life-cycle assessments .8Step 2:Benchmark,develop and test technologies and process concepts .10Step 3:Sourcing the needed technologies and FEED .12Step 4:Build a network of key stakeholders .133.VTT Your innovation partner in carbon capture and utilisation .142IntroductionThe range of technolog

3、ies for CO2 capture and utilisation(CCU)is expanding at an unprecedented pace.As regulations push us to select the right technology,determining the best option for each unique company becomes increasingly complex due to varying operational needs,regulatory requirements and the rapid evolution of ava

4、ilable solutions.This dilemma is further complicated by the risks asso-ciated with new technologies and high anticipated production costs of many sustainable products.However,within these uncertainties lies a significant opportunity:the potential to transform costly waste into a valu-able resource f

5、or the future.Instead of viewing CO2 as just a harmful green-house gas,we should see it as a raw material with immense value.By utilising CO2,we can create valuable products such as fuels,long-lasting polymers and essential chemicals that can meet regulatory mandates,respond to market demand and lea

6、d us towards carbon neutral society.This white paper serves as your guide to navigating the CO2 utilisation land-scape and exploring the transformative possibilities of CCU technologies.It offers essential insights and strategies to mitigate risks and streamline the commercialisation of carbon captu