1、DAVID LUCKEY,SARA DUHACHEK MUGGY,TAYLOR FREY,DAVID STEBBINS,TRACEY RISSMAN,BIANCA ESPINOSA,DANIEL TAPIA,GREG McKELVEY,JR.,NEETI POKHRIYAL,JOSEPH DAWSON,SARA HUGHES,MORGAN SANDLER,RUSHIL BAKHSHI,MARTA KEPE,GEOFFREY KIRKWOOD,SARAH W.DENTON,DAVID DeSMET,MINAMI MAKINO,ELLA GUEST,SINA BEAGHLEY,SUZANNE GE

2、NC,MICHAEL MILLER,SKYE A.MINER,BARBARA DEL CASTELLO,FORREST W.CRAWFORD,JEFFREY LEE,CLAY STRICKLAND,SUNNY D.BHATT,JOHN VAHEDI,LYDIA GREK,VANYA BARRER,RAMIRO INSUASTI,JR.,JACK LASHENDOCK,DEREK ROBERTS,ALEKSANDR ESPARZA HARTUNIAN,SHANNON WALSH,WILL SHUMATE,ELLIOTT BRENNAN,TYLER LIGGETT,KARA JIA,AJAY K.

3、KOCHHAR,JAMES SMITH,JAMES RYSEFFMitigating Risks at the Intersection of Artifi cial Intelligence and Chemical and Biological WeaponsResearch ReportAN FFRDC OPERATED BY RAND UNDER CONTRACT WITH DHSHS ACHOMELAND SECURITYOPERATIONAL ANALYSIS CENTERThis research was published in 2025.Approved for public

4、 release;distribution is unlimited.iii About This Report This report was drafted in support of Executive Order(E.O.)14110,“Safe,Secure,and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence.”One goal of the E.O.is to assist the President of the United States in establishing a governance fram

5、ework for the safe and responsible development and use of artificial intelligence(AI).Among other areas of research,the E.O.specifically cites the need to“evaluate the potential for AI to be misused to enable the development or production of CBRN chemical,biological,radiological,and nuclear threats,

6、while also considering the benefits and application of AI to counter these threats.”In response to this goal,the Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Office(CWMD)of the U.S.Department of Homeland Security(DHS)asked a team of researchers from the Homeland Security Operational Analysis Center(HSOAC)