1、Issue BriefJanuary 2025Chinese Critiques of Large Language ModelsFinding the Path to General Artificial IntelligenceAuthorsWm.C.HannasHuey-Meei ChangMaximilian RiesenhuberDaniel H.ChouChinese Critiques of Large Language ModelsFinding the Path to General Artificial IntelligenceAuthorsWm.C.HannasHuey-

2、Meei ChangMaximilian RiesenhuberDaniel H.Chou Center for Security and Emerging Technology|1 Executive Summary Large language models have garnered interest worldwide owing to their remarkable ability to“generate”human-like responses to natural language queriesa threshold that at one time was consider

3、ed“proof”of sentienceand perform other time-saving tasks.Indeed,LLMs are regarded by many as a,or the,pathway to general artificial intelligence(GAI)that hypothesized state where computers reach(or even exceed)human skills at most or all tasks.The lure of achieving AIs holy grail through LLMs has dr

4、awn investment in the billions of dollars by those focused on this goal.In the United States and Europe especially,big private sector companies have led the way and their focus on LLMs has overshadowed research on other approaches to GAI,despite LLMs known downsides such as cost,power consumption,un

5、reliable or“hallucinatory”output,and deficits in reasoning abilities.If these companies bets on LLMs fail to deliver on expectations of progress toward GAI,western AI developers may be poorly positioned to rapidly fall back on alternate approaches.In contrast,China follows a state-driven,diverse AI

6、development plan.Like the United States,China also invests in LLMs but simultaneously pursues alternate paths to GAI,including those more explicitly brain-inspired.This report draws on public statements by Chinas top scientists,their associated research,and on PRC government announcements to documen