麦肯锡：净零电力—为可再生电网服务的长时储能（73页）.pdf

1、Net-zero powerLong duration energy storage for a renewable gridContentsAcronyms iAbout the Long Duration Energy Storage (LDES) Council iiPreface iiiExecutive summary viData collection and benchmarking xi1. Introduction 12. LDES technologies characterization and current status 73. Modeling the flexib

2、ility needs of future power systems 154. Cost analysis 255. LDES business cases 356. Road to competitiveness and key market enablers 41Conclusion 46Appendix A: Methodology 47Appendix B: Examples of business cases 51AcronymsBoP Balance of plantCapex Capital expenditureCCS Carbon capture and storageCO

3、2 Carbon dioxideCAES Compressed air energy storageCSP Concentrated solar powerEV Electric vehicleGt CO2eq Gigatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalentGW GigawattGWh Gigawatt-hourGHG Greenhouse gasIEA International Energy AgencyIRR Internal rate of returnIPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangekW Ki

4、lowattkWh Kilowatt-hourLCOE Levelized cost of electricityLCOS Levelized cost of storageLi-ion Lithium-ionLAES Liquid air energy storageLDES Long duration energy storageMEDC More economically developed countriesMPM McKinsey Power ModelMW MegawattMWh Megawatt-hourNDC Nationally determined contribution

5、sNPV Net present valueNMC Nickel, Manganese and CobaltO&M Operation and maintenancePV PhotovoltaicPPA Power purchasing agreementsPSH Pumped storage hydropowerRE Renewable energyR&D Research and developmentRTE Round-trip efficiencyTW TerawattTWh Terawatt-hourTAM Total addressable marketT&

6、D Transmission and distributionWACC Weighted average cost of capitaliNet-zero power: Long duration energy storage for a renewable grid | LDES Council, McKinsey & CompanyThe LDES Council is a global, CEO-led organization that strives to accelerate decarbonization of the energy system at lowest co