凯捷（Capgemini）：2020年交通业报告汇总（英文版）（38页）.pdf

1、T R A NSP ORT 103 104 Current situation and challenges Solutions, projects and scale-up Transportation in its many forms currently produces over 1,200 MtCO per year, 30% of total emissions in the EU. Liquid fossil fuels drive most air, marine, road and rail movements, from most captive usage to less

2、 captive (see figure below). Fossil liquids are dense in energy, convenient for logistics and not easy to replace. In Europe, they currently account for 72% of primary energy use. The daunting challenge ahead is to free transportation from liquid fossil fuel usage1 and to develop the new clean techn

3、ologies and associated infrastructure that will enable sustainable and convenient private and public transportation. Three types of transportation energy sources synthetic liquid fuels, hydrogen and electricity combined with new mobility modes, are directly contributing to decarbonization in all for

4、ms of transportation. Demand for transportation energy will fall from 360 Mtoe today to around 200 Mtoe by 2050, made up of: Synthetic liquids: 40 Mtoe2. Biomass liquids: 30 Mtoe. Hydrogen and gases: 50 Mtoe. Electricity: around 50 Mtoe. A small share of fossil fuels: 25 Mtoe, down from 340 Mtoe tod

5、ay. An array of technologies is needed, from higher to lower liquid dependency: A FU N DA M EN TA L SH I F T AWAY FROM FOS SI L FU EL DER I V ED EN ERG Y S OU RC E S , R EPL AC ED BY C L E A N A LT ER N AT I V E S , A N D SU PP ORT ED BY C H A RG I NG A N D G I G A-S C A L E B AT T ERY I N FR A S T

6、RUC T U R E 1. Synthetic liquid fuels - mostly for air and maritime use Giga-scale synthetic fuels production facilities are needed before 2030, close to transport hubs, ports and airports. They will synthetize at scale: Carbon-based synthetic fuels such as kerosene, methanol or ethanol in plants co