1、Security in the quantum era Evaluating post-quantum solutions1Security in the quantum eraEvaluating post-quantum solutionsWHITEPAPERSecurity in the quantum era Evaluating post-quantum solutions2IntroductionThe computing power of a quantum computer renders obsolete the state-of-the-art,public-key cry

2、ptography deployed today.All the assumptions about the intractability of the mathematical problems that offer confident levels of security today no longer apply in the presence of a quantum computer.Fortunately,research has produced several post-quantum cryptographic algorithms that will enable cryp

3、tography to survive in the quantum world.However,the transition to a post-quantum infrastructure is not straightforward and requires focused effort.We are in the phase of engineering,pro-active assessment and evaluation of the available technologies,as well as careful product development approach,wh

4、ich helps pave a safe path through what otherwise could turn out to be cryptographys demise.Nokia,including our industrial research lab Nokia Bell Labs,will stay at the forefront of these exciting advances.We evaluate the available post-quantum solutions,enhance our crypto-agility,and prepare for a

5、smooth transition to a quantum-safe security infrastructure.2Security in the quantum era Evaluating post-quantum solutionsQuantum computing is no longer perceived as a conjecture of computational sciences and theoretical physics.There are considerable research efforts and enormous corporate and gove

6、rnment funding invested in the development of practical quantum computing systems.3Security in the quantum era Evaluating post-quantum solutionsEvolving algorithm landscapeExamples of accelerated efforts towards large-scale quantum computers include,among others,Googles announcementon achieving quan