1、THE STATE OF THE WORLDS MANGROVESContents1.Introduction.11.1 Foreword.11.2 Executive summary.31.3 Setting the scene.82.The state of mangroves.112.1 The world of mangroves.112.2 Drivers of change to the worlds mangroves:20002020.192.3 The Red List of Mangrove Ecosystems.252.4 The diversity of mangrov

2、es.322.5 Adjacent ecosystems.373.Connecting to local.433.1 Engaging with Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK)in research and practice.433.2 Connecting across scales.514.Benefits of mangroves.554.1 Mangrove blue carbon.554.2 Biodiversity in global mangrove ecosystems.594.3 Coastal protection:assessing th

3、e flood-risk reduction value of mangroves.635.Living with mangroves:a focus on food.695.1 Food security and mangroves .695.2 Mangroves and fisheries.755.3 Aquaculture and mangroves.79 5.3.1 Taking the shrimp farms out of the mangroves.80 5.3.2 Restoring mangroves by growing food?.835.4 Diversified l

4、ivelihoods for mangrove communities.876.Saving mangroves.936.1 Protection.936.2 Alerts for action.996.3 Restoration:a growing momentum.1037.The way ahead.1117.1 Financing for success.1117.1.1 Visionary philanthropy.1147.1.2 Unlocking the potential of carbon markets.1157.1.3 Insuring resilience.1167.

5、2 Progress in policy.1197.3 The Mangrove Breakthrough.1278.Final words.1318.1 An update on the Global Mangrove Alliance .1328.2 The journey to 2030.135Maric Leal and Mark D Spalding Cartography by Kate Longley-Wood.Contributing authors:Aji Anggoro,Camilo Andres Arrieta Giron,Jacob Ashton,Ronald Bake

6、r,Rodrigo Andrs Baos Estupin,Basir,Mark Beeston,Justine Bell-James,Ren Benguerel,Nimai Bera,Anete Berzina-Rodrigo,Punyasloke Bhadury,Tanmatra Bhanti,Chris Brown,Peter Bryant,Pete Bunting,Juan Pablo Caicedo Garca,Steven Canty,Nilson Cardoso,Ral Carvajal,Gustavo Adolfo Castellanos-Galindo,Paula Castro