1、 The Battery Mineral Loop The path from extraction to circularity July 2024 2 rmi.org The Battery Mineral Loop Authors Daan Walter,Will Atkinson,Sudeshna Mohanty,Kingsmill Bond,Chiara Gulli,Amory Lovins Contacts Daan Walter daan.walterrmi.org Will Atkinson watkinsonrmi.org Acknowledgements We would

2、like to thank the following individuals for their input and expertise:E.J.Klock McCook,Rushad Nanavatty,Laura LoSciuto,Monkgogi Buzwani,Natalie Janzow,Sam Butler-Sloss,Laurens Speelman,James Newcomb,Lachlan Wright,Mike Hemsley,Marissa Gantman,and Laurie Stone.About RMI RMI is an independent non-prof

3、it,founded in 1982 as Rocky Mountain Institute,that transforms global energy systems through market-driven solutions to align with a 1.5C future and secure a clean,prosperous,zero-carbon future for all.We work in the worlds most critical geographies and engage businesses,policymakers,communities,and

4、 non-governmental organizations to identify and scale energy system interventions that will cut climate pollution at least 50 percent by 2030.RMI has offices in Basalt and Boulder,Colorado;New York City;Oakland,California;Washington,D.C.;Abuja,Nigeria;and Beijing.The Battery Mineral Loop rmi.org/3 T

5、able of Contents Executive Summary.4 1.The six solutions to the battery mineral challenge.6 The battery mineral challenge.6 Six solutions.8 Solutions are already underway.9 Expert outlooks keep underestimating the pace of change.10 2.Continuing the current trend:peak battery minerals in a decade.11

6、The drivers of continued change.11 Peak mineral demand in the mid-2030s.16 3.Accelerating the trend:net-zero battery mineral demand by 2050 is within reach.18 The drivers of accelerated change.18 A lower peak in mineral demand.22 Approaching net-zero battery mineral demand by 2050.22 4.The implicati