1、Institute for Economics&Peace Analysing ecological threats,resilience&peace2023ECOLOGICALTHREATREPORTConflict&ClimateMegacities&MigrationEcological ThreatsResults&TrendsInstitute forEconomics&PeaceQuantifying Peace and its BenefitsThe Institute for Economics&Peace(IEP)is an independent,non-partisan,

2、non-profit think tank dedicated to shifting the worlds focus to peace as a positive,achievable,and tangible measure of human well-being and progress.IEP achieves its goals by developing new conceptual frameworks to define peacefulness;providing metrics for measuring peace;and uncovering the relation

3、ships between business,peace and prosperity as well as promoting a better understanding of the cultural,economic and political factors that create peace.IEP is headquartered in Sydney,with offices in New York,The Hague,Mexico City,Brussels and Harare.It works with a wide range of partners internatio

4、nally and collaborates with intergovernmental organisations on measuring and communicating the economic value of peace.For more information visit www.economicsandpeace.orgPlease cite this report as:Institute for Economics&Peace.Ecological Threat Report 2023:Analysing Ecological Threats,Resilience&Pe

5、ace,Sydney,November 2023.Available from:http:/visionofhumanity.org/resources(accessed Date Month Year).ECOLOGICAL THREAT REPORT 2023|1Appendix A:The ETR Indicator Sources,Definitions&Scoring Criteria 62Appendix B:ETR Domain Scores 64Appendix C 69Endnotes 70Introduction 46Megacities 49Ecological Chal

6、lenges to Cities 50The Link Between Conflict,Climate,and Ecological Threats 40Food Insecurity 23Focus Area:Food Insecurity and Local Livelihoods 25Water Risk 27Focus Area:Water Stress in Russia and Eurasia 29Natural Disasters 30Disasters and Resilience 32Focus Area:Disaster Relief Funding 33Demograp