1、中国官方在新兴和发展中经济体的能源融资情况金融机构、工具及其对清洁能源转型影响的演变The IEA examines the full spectrum of energy issues including oil,gas and coal supply and demand,renewable energy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand side management and much more.Through its work,the IEA advocates poli
2、cies that will enhance the reliability,affordability and sustainability of energy in its 32 Member countries,13 Association countries and beyond.This publication and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory,to the delimitation of international
3、frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory,city or area.Source:IEA.International Energy Agency Website:www.iea.orgIEA Member countries:AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech Republic DenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLatviaLithuania Luxembourg Mexico Net
4、herlandsNew Zealand NorwayPolandPortugalSlovak Republic SpainSweden Switzerland Republic of Trkiye United Kingdom United StatesThe European Commission also participates in the work of the IEAIEA Association countries:Argentina BrazilChinaEgyptIndia Indonesia Kenya Morocco Senegal Singapore South Afr
5、ica Thailand UkraineINTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCY中国官方在新兴和发展中经济体的能源融资情况 摘要 金融机构、工具及其对清洁能源转型影响的演变 3 IEA.CC BY 4.0.报告简介报告简介 全球能源投资在 2025 年突破 3.3 万亿美元大关,但资本流动仍不均衡。中国以外的新兴市场和发展中经济体(EMDE)尽管占全球人口近三分之二,并构成未来需求的主要来源,但仅仅吸引到 27%的能源总投资及 18%的清洁能源支出。要解决这一失衡问题,就需要通过多元渠道调动更多资本流入新兴市场和发展中经济体的能源系统。中国凭借大规模的国内能源投资及对外能源资本支出
6、,继续在全球能源投资流动当中发挥核心作用。自 2015 年以来,中国官方机构平均每年对新兴市场和发展中经济体的能源相关项目投资承诺超过 550 亿美元,相当于这些经济体所有可追踪清洁能源投资的 8%左右。从历史数据来看,此类融资主要由国有政策性银行和主权行为体以债务形式提供,部分情况下为赠款形式。然而,近年来这一融资结构已发生变化。中国的相关融资承诺在新冠疫情期间有所下降,之后虽有缓慢回升,但政策性银行贷款已显著收缩,且几乎完全聚焦于清洁能源技术。与此同时,国有企业、国有商业银行及出口信贷机构的作用更加凸显,参与形式越来越倾向于股权投资或担保。这一转变意味着中国的国际能源合作模式正朝着更具竞争