1、Sponsored byEnabling Global CollaborationHow Open Source Leaders Are Confronting the Challenges of FragmentationJanuary 2023 Anthony D.Williams,DEEP Centre Inc.Foreword by Yue Chen,Head of Technology Strategy,Futurewei Technologies,Inc.Chris Xie,Head of Open Source Strategy,Futurewei Technologies,In

2、c.In partnership withContentsInfographic.3Foreword.4Executive Summary.5Introduction.8Innovation and collaboration.8Global inclusion.9Open source governance.9Enabling Innovation and Collaboration.10Fragmentation across the software landscape.11Fragmentation challenges and solutions.13Promoting Global

3、 Inclusion .15The barriers to global participation.16The building blocks for global inclusion.17Transcending Techno-Nationalism.19Will techno-nationalism balkanize open source?.19Tackling techno-nationalism with transparency and trust.22Breaking Down the Governance Silos.23Maintaining critical open

4、source infrastructure.25Increasing collaboration on technology policy and regulation.28Conclusion .30Managing fragmentation.30Confronting techno-nationalism and fostering global inclusion.32Final thoughts.34About the Author.35Endnotes.36Copyright 2023 The Linux Foundation|January 2023.This report is

5、 licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public LicenseFragmentation is a double-edged sword,where attempting to solve fragmentation challenges could hurt innovation and competition.There is considerable heterogeneity in the software landscape when it comes to

6、 fragmentation:Some domains are highly fragmented,and some are highly consolidated.The principal downsides of fragmentation include increased costs and complexity for consumers and vendors of open source solutions.Diversity and inclusion are critical to building a robust open source talent pool.The