1、Net Zero Technology Outlook Crown copyright 2025This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated.To view this licence,visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3This publication is available at www.gov.uk/official-

2、documentsAny enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to us at Government Office for Science,100Parliament Street,London,SW1A 2BQ.Email:climatego-science.gov.ukThis is not a statement of government policyContentsIntroduction4Industry6Heatandbuildings11Agriculture,landuseandwaste15Power21T

3、ransport26Cross-cuttingsolutions31Non-RD&Dtechnologyenablers38Acronymglossary39Acknowledgements40This is not a statement of government policyIntroductionThe Net Zero Technology Outlook is a futures exercise that sets out a best estimate of the technology mix needed in key emitting sectors to reach n

4、et zero by 2050,and identifies the research,development and demonstration(RD&D)needed to get there.The Outlook provides a strategic overview to help orient decision-making across government and the research community in support of the Clean Energy Superpower Mission.The Outlook does not reflect UK g

5、overnment policy or official positions.To inform our analysis,we conducted over20 interviews and a peer review exercise involving approximately 45experts from the research community,as well as policy leads from relevant government departments,during the second half of 2024.We also incorporated relev

6、ant material from established scenario modelling,policy documents,industry reports and peer-reviewedliterature.This report covers five major emitting sectors,comprising a total of 18 sub-sectors:Industry:steel,cement,chemicals,glass and ceramics,and food and drink Transport:surface transport,maritim