1、JANUARY|2021Population Growth and Its Underlying FactorsPercentPopulationGrowthBirths Minus DeathsNetImmigration Projected0.50 0.5 1.0 1.52008201320182023202820332038204320482053The Demographic Outlook:2023 to 2053JANUARY|2023At a GlanceThe size of the U.S.population,as well as its age and sex compo

2、sition,affects the economy and the federal budget.For example,the size of the population ages 25 to 54affects the number of people employed;likewise,the size of the population age 65or older affects the number of beneficiaries of federal programs such as Social Security and Medicare.In this report,t

3、he Congressional Budget Office describes its population projections,which underlie the agencys baseline budget projections and economic forecast that will be published later this year.Population.In CBOs projections,the Social Security area populationthe relevant population for calculating Social Sec

4、urity payroll taxes and benefits and the measure of population used in this reportincreases from 336million people in 2023 to 373million people in 2053.As growth of the population age 65or older outpaces growth of younger age groups,the population is projected to continue to become older.Population

5、Growth.Population growth is generally projected to slow between 2023 and 2053,averaging 0.3percent per year over that period.That growth will be increasingly driven by immigration as fertility rates remain below the rate that would be required for a generation to exactly replace itself in the absenc

6、e of immigration.Civilian Noninstitutionalized Population.The civilian noninstitutionalized population grows from 266million people in 2023 to 301million people in 2053,in CBOs projections,expanding by 0.4percent per year,on average.That measure,which CBO uses to project the size of the labor force,