1、UNLOCKING THE HYDROGEN AGE Engineering challenges in the hydrogen value chainCONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARYGREEN HYDROGEN INDUSTRY OVERVIEW KEY ENGINEERING CHALLENGES 478ADDRESSING CHALLENGES THROUGH DIGITAL ENGINEERING10CONCLUSION17EXECUTIVE SUMMARYGreen or low-carbon hydrogen is starting to receive att

2、ention from a wide range of businesses as a potential new energy source.Rapid changes in the global economic climate,fueled by pressures like decarbonization,decentralization,and digitalization,have spurred innovation within the energy sector and amongst heavy energy users,especially transport and i

3、ndustry.Organizations worldwide are implementing new energy models,based around electrification,alternative energy sources such as green hydrogen and biofuels,hydrogen for thermal engines,renewable energies for electrolysis,other technologies than electrolysis such as biomass thermolysis,and transpo

4、rtation of hydrogen via pipelines,trailers,decentralized energy,and platforms that enable peer-to-peer energy sharing.Hydrogen will play an essential role in all these changes.It is an energy-dense fuel that could replace oil and gas as an energy source,especially in hard-to-electrify transport and

5、industrial processes.Right now,most hydrogen is produced from natural gas;green hydrogen is the exception and is produced by the electrolysis of water powered by renewable energy.In the IEAs model for Net Zero Emissions by 2050,hydrogen and hydrogen-based fuels meet 10%of global final energy demand

6、in 2050,by which time demand will have multiplied almost sixfold to reach 530 Mt,half of which will come from industry and transport1.This will need to be mostly,if not all,green hydrogen currently,only 0.49 Mt is produced by electrolysis2.The entire world would therefore gain from an efficient,econ