1、WCO/WTO Study Report on Disruptive TechnologiesJUNE 2022wcoomd.org wto.orgWCO/WTO Study Report on Disruptive TechnologiesJUNE 2022ContentsAcknowledgements 6Foreword by the WCO Secretary General 8Foreword by the WTO Director General 9Background 10Executive Summary 13I.Introduction:“disruptive”18 or(j

2、ust)“emerging”technologies?II.Holistic use of technologies 26 for Smart Customs of the future III.The technologies 30 1.Blockchain and distributed ledger 31 technology(DLT)A.What is blockchain technology?31B.PotentialuseinCustomsand37bordermanagementC.ImplementationbyCustomsin45 2021 2.Internet of T

3、hings(IoT)51A.WhatisIoT?51B.LinksbetweenIoTandother52 technologies C.Currentuseinlogisticsand55supplychainmanagementD.PotentialuseinCustomsand56bordermanagementE.ImplementationbyCustomsin58 2021 4|WCO/WTOThis publication has been prepared under the WCO and WTO Secretariats own responsibilities and w

4、ithout prejudice to the position of WCO and WTO Members and to their rights and obligations under the WCO and the WTO.The designations employed in this publication and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the WCO and the WTO concer

5、ning the legal status of any country,area or territory or of its authorities,or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers.The case studies presented in the Annex are based on reports submitted by the Customs authorities.They have been lightly edited and remain true to the original submissions.3.B

6、ig data,data analytics,artificial 63 intelligence(AI)and machine learning(ML)A.Whatisbigdataanddata63analyticsandhowcantheybeusedinCustomsandbordermanagement?B.Whatisartificialintelligence?64C.Howcanbigdata,dataanalytics,65artificialintelligenceandmachinelearningbeusedinCustomsandbordermanagement?D.