世贸组织：2019全球贸易报告（232页）.pdf

1、2019 WORLD TRADE REPORT The future of services trade What is the World Trade Report? The World Trade Report is an annual publication that aims to deepen understanding about trends in trade, trade policy issues and the multilateral trading system. What is the 2019 Report about? The 2019 World Trade R

2、eport examines how trade in services is likely to evolve in response to some major trends, such as demographic changes and the impact of digital technologies. Find out more Website: www.wto.org General enquiries: enquirieswto.org Tel: +41 (0)22 739 51 11 Contents Acknowledgements and Disclaimer 3 Fo

3、reword by the WTO Director-General 4 Key facts and findings 6 Executive summary 7 A. Introduction 12 1. Globalization of services 14 2. Digitalized services: the non-tradable becomes hyper-tradable 14 3. The evolution of trade: from agriculture to manufacturing to services 15 4. More complex service

4、s trade requires more coherent policies 17 5. Why it matters 17 6. Structure of the report 18 B. Services trade in numbers 20 1. Trends in trade in services 22 2. Global trade in services through all modes of supply is worth US$ 13.3 trillion 22 3. Who trades services? 31 4. What is the role of serv

5、ices in global value chains? 44 C. Why services trade matters 50 1. The gains from services trade 52 2. Services trade boosts firms competitiveness 65 3. How services trade affects employment and inclusiveness 69 4. Concluding observations 80 D. Services trade in the future 82 1. Trade costs 84 2. M

6、ajor trends that will affect trade in services 100 3. Quantifying services trade in the future 122 4. Concluding observations 134 E. What role for international cooperation on services trade policy? 152 1. Introduction 154 2. Why governments cooperate on services trade policy 154 3. How countries co