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1、July 2025ContentsAbout this ReportThe Haze Outlook 2025 report provides a risk assessment of the probability of a transboundary haze incident affecting Indonesia,Malaysia,and Singapore for the year ahead.This is based on research conducted by the Singapore Institute of International Affairs(SIIA),a

2、leading think tank in the region.The Haze Outlook 2025 is the seventh edition of this assessment.It is directed by Simon Tay,Chairman,SIIA and Associate Professor,Faculty of Law National University of Singapore.The authors are Khor Yu-Leng and Aaron Choo,respectively Associate Director(Sustainabilit

3、y)and Senior Assistant Director(Special Projects and Sustainability),SIIA,with Abigael Eminza and Claudia Nyon,who are Research Associates at Segi Enam Advisors.All views expressed in the report are those of the authors,unless otherwise credited.Our research includes quantitative information on weat

4、her factors,the impact of fires,and commodity prices.We also qualitatively consider government policies and private sector practices.These assessments are based on the SIIAs engagement with sustainability stakeholders in the region.In particular,the authors would like to thank the following for thei

5、r assistance and insights over the past year(in alphabetical order):Ambank Berhad,ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre(ASMC),Asia Pacific Resources International Limited(APRIL)Group,Bumitama Agri,Euro Asian Investment Holding,Glenauk Economics,Golden Agri-Resources(GAR),Indonesian Palm Oil Associ

6、ation(GAPKI),ISTA Mielke GmbH/Oil World,Landscape Indonesia,Musim Mas,PM Haze,Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil(RSPO),World Resources Institute(WRI)Indonesia.We are also grateful to government officials of the region who have engaged with the SIIA for our sustainability programme.Established in 196