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1、The Impact of Generative AI on Critical Thinking:Self-ReportedReductions in Cognitive Effort and Confidence Effects From aSurvey of Knowledge WorkersHao-Ping(Hank)LeeCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburgh,Pennsylvania,USAhaopinglcs.cmu.eduAdvait SarkarMicrosoft ResearchCambridge,United KLev Tankelevit

2、chMicrosoft ResearchCambridge,United KIan DrososMicrosoft ResearchCambridge,United Kingdomt-Sean RintelMicrosoft ResearchCambridge,United KRichard BanksMicrosoft Research CambridgeCambridge,United KNicholas WilsonMicrosoft ResearchCambridge,United KAbstractThe rise of Generative AI(GenAI)in knowledg

3、e workflows raisesquestions about its impact on critical thinking skills and practices.We survey 319 knowledge workers to investigate 1)when andhow they perceive the enaction of critical thinking when usingGenAI,and 2)when and why GenAI affects their effort to do so.Participants shared 936 first-han

4、d examples of using GenAI in worktasks.Quantitatively,when considering both task-and user-specificfactors,a users task-specific self-confidence and confidence inGenAI are predictive of whether critical thinking is enacted andthe effort of doing so in GenAI-assisted tasks.Specifically,higherconfidenc

5、e in GenAI is associated with less critical thinking,whilehigher self-confidence is associated with more critical thinking.Qualitatively,GenAI shifts the nature of critical thinking towardinformationverification,responseintegration,andtaskstewardship.Our insights reveal new design challenges and opp

6、ortunities fordeveloping GenAI tools for knowledge work.CCS Concepts Human-centered computing Empirical studies in HCI.KeywordsCritical thinking,Generative AI tools,Knowledge worker,Bloomstaxonomy,SurveyACM Reference Format:Hao-Ping(Hank)Lee,Advait Sarkar,Lev Tankelevitch,Ian Drosos,SeanRintel,Richa