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1、GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2019 Creating Healthy LivesThe Future of Medical Innovation GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX 2019 Creating Healthy LivesThe Future of Medical Innovation 12TH EDITION Soumitra Dutta, Bruno Lanvin, and Sacha Wunsch-Vincent Editors The Global Innovation Index 2019ii The Global Innovation

2、 Index 2019: Creating Healthy LivesThe Future of Medical Innovation is the result of a collaboration between Cornell University, INSEAD, and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) as co-publishers, and their Knowledge Partners. The report and any opinions expressed in this publication a

3、re the sole responsibility of the authors. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of WIPO Member States or the WIPO Secretariat. The terms country, economy, and nation as used in this report do not in all cases refer to a territorial entity that is a state as understood by internationa

4、l law and practice. The terms cover well-defined, geographically self-contained economic areas that may not be states but for which statistical data are maintained on a separate and independent basis. Any boundaries and names shown, and the designations used on any visual maps, do not imply official

5、 endorsement or acceptance by any of the co-publishers. Chapters 2-17 may deviate from UN terminology for countries and regions. Cornell University, INSEAD, and the World Intellectual Property Organization, 2019 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No-Derivativ

6、es 3.0 IGO License. The user is allowed to reproduce, distribute, and publicly perform this publication without explicit permission, provided that the content is accompanied by an acknowledgment that Cornell University, INSEAD, and WIPO are the source. No part of this publication can be used for com