《欧洲清洁氢联盟：2023欧洲氢气供应走廊报告（英文版）（56页）.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《欧洲清洁氢联盟：2023欧洲氢气供应走廊报告（英文版）（56页）.pdf（56页珍藏版）》请在三个皮匠报告上搜索。

1、March 2023LEARNBOOK ON HYDROGEN SUPPLY CORRIDORSClean Hydrogen AllianceTransmission and Distribution RoundtableH2 European Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridors1 INTRODUCTIONThe European Clean Hydrogen Alliance(ECH2A)Roundtable on Clean Hydrogen Transmis-sion and Distributio

2、n brings together public and private companies,research institutes,civil society and policy makers/regional authorities working in the transport and distribution of hydrogen(renewable and/or low-carbon)from renewable and low-carbon hydrogen production sites to consumer/demand centers,especially thos

3、e sectors with hard-to-abate emissions.The scope of the Roundtable is on the following four Ar-chetypes:1.Transmission and distribution pipelines for local,regional,national,and international transport and storage facilities;2.Marine storage and handling terminals in ports covering both existing as

4、well as new terminals,3.Shipping covering deep sea and short-distance maritime routes,4.Inland distribution modes of transport including trucks,rail,barges,hubs and operational storage(such as bullets,tanks,containers,etc.).Figure 1:Potential H supply corridors,European Commission,RePowerEU Communic

5、ation Action Plan,May 2022.European Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridors 3 On 29 September 2022,the CEOs of the Roundtable gave the Sherpas the mandate to prepare a report on H supply corridors,as outlined in European Commissions RePowerEU Action Plan.REPowerEU outlined the

6、 need to accelerate development of hydrogen infrastructure for producing,importing,and transporting 20 million tonnes of hydrogen by 2030.The European Commission outlined three potential H import corridors via the Mediterranean,the North Sea area and,as soon as conditions allow,with Ukraine.Visually

7、 these corridors were split into seven different routes as seen in Figure 1.The Learnbook on H Supply Corridors aims to build on this framework,providing industry expertise and knowledge on three key areas:i)identify the potential and specificities of each corridor;ii)provide visual representa-tion

8、of each corridor with a list of planned H transmission,distribution,storage,terminal and production/demand projects;ii)identify region specific bottlenecks and provide recommendations to mitigate them.The scope of the Learnbook is based on the RePowerEUs schematic representation of the H corridors a

9、nd will include:1.South Central H corridor 2.Iberian H corridor 3.North Sea H corridor 4.Nordic Baltic H corridor 5.Eastern H corridor 6.South-eastern H corridor 1 The South Central H Corridor refers to the Adriatic H Corridor,as named in the REPowerEU Plan.This renaming better reflects the geograph

10、ical area interested by this Corridor initiatives and avoids potential confusions with PCI definitions.It was agreed that projects in the North-African H corridor would be allocated to either the South Central(named as Adriatic in the RePowerEU1)or Iberian corridors depending on their geographical s

11、cope.In addition,there would be a further grouping of projects focusing on Germany as a key arrival and convergence point for all corridors.The projects included in the Learnbook reflect the best available information submitted by project promoters by March 2023,and are in no way exhaustive,as some

12、pro-moters may still work outside of the reach of the Alliance.The list of projects outlines the projects visualised in the Hydrogen Infrastructure Map,which includes projects from various collection exercises:TYNDP,PCI,DG GROW survey,and projects from partner associations(GIE,Eurogas,CE-DEC,GD4S,GE

13、ODE)and was lastly updated on 31 March 2023.Through curation of data and input for the Learnbook it became clear that although each corridor has its individual and unique characteristics,there are several cross-cutting themes which are common amongst all.Reflecting this,the final section of the docu

14、ment delineates these Union-wide bottlenecks and the corresponding Union-wide regulatory and policy measures that could help ease them.Disclaimer:“Joining the ECH2A,NGOs agree to engage and contribute to the deployment of renewable hydrogen in terms of supply,demand and distribution as we promote th

15、e rapid phase-out of the use and production of all fossil fuels in order to reach the objectives of the Paris Agreement.Thus we do not consider fossil fuel based hydrogen as a short-or long-term solution.We see our role in contributing to targeting the use of renewable hydrogen specifically to those

16、 sectors and industrial processes which are hard to decarbonise(steel,cement and basic chemicals,aviation,shipping and heavy good vehicles).”TABLE OF CONTENTS1 Introduction 22 South Central H supply corridor 52.1 Potential of the H corridor 52.2.Projects snapshot 62.3 Specific bottlenecks 102.4 Spec

17、ific recommendations 103 Iberian H supply corridor 113.1 Potential of the H corridor 113.2 Projects snapshot 123.3.Specific bottlenecks 173.4.Specific recommendations 174 North Sea H supply corridor 184.1 Potential of the H corridor 184.2 Projects snapshot 194.3 Specific bottlenecks 244.4 Specific r

18、ecommendations 245 Nordic Baltic H supply corridor 255.1 Potential of the H corridor 255.2 Projects snapshot 265.3 Specific bottlenecks 305.4 Specific recommendations 306 Eastern H supply corridor 316.1 Potential of the H corridor 316.2 Projects snapshot 326.3 Specific bottlenecks 366.4 Specific rec

19、ommendations 367 Southeastern H corridor 377.1 Potential of the H corridor 377.2 Projects snapshot 387.3 Specific bottlenecks 427.4 Specific recommendations 428 Germany demand driving role for all corridors 438.1 Potential of Germany as central demand centre 438.2 Projects snapshot 448.3 Specific bo

20、ttlenecks 488.4 Specific recommendations 499 General bottlenecks and recommendations 509.1 General bottlenecks 509.2 General Recommendations 5110 Conclusion 52European Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridors 5 2 SOUTH CENTRAL H SUPPLY CORRIDOR(NAMED AS ADRIATIC IN THE REPOWERE

21、U)2.1 POTENTIAL OF THE H CORRIDORMajor driver of development of the South Central Corridor is the need to meet hydrogen demand from industry,transport and power in Italy,Central Europe,and Germany with a large-scale production at lower cost in North-Africa.The countries along the route in Central an

22、d Eastern Europe such as Austria,Slovenia,Croatia,and Switzerland will also benefit from competitive H imports.Key opportunities include the high repurposing potential of gas pipelines from Italy to Central Europe via Austria,Slovakia and the Czech Republic,and pipeline interconnections with Algeria

23、 and Tunisia the main anticipated suppliers for this corridor.The South Central Corridor represents a fun-damental energy bridge for Europe between Mediterranean shores,making available to the Union abundant,cost-competitive hydrogen resources from North Africa and exploiting for the most part exist

24、ing infrastructure.Indeed,the North Africa-Europe link is a key component to progressive decarbonisation at the international level in support of the energy transition.Finally,the corridor would constitute a strategic link guaranteeing to Europe greater energy diver-sification and security while,at

25、the same time,contributing to the stabilisation of a key Region,in the context of the European neighborhood policy.ACCORDING TO THE EHB 2022 REPORT ANALYSIS:H supply potential(TWh/y)2030203097 TWh97 TWh(2030)55 Mt(6%)340 TWh160 Mt(18%)20402040Emissions reductions(MtCO/y vs.2019)In 2030 hydrogen supp

26、ly is 100 TWh,of which more than 70%is imports.Hydrogen supply in-creases significantly 2040,reaching 340 TWh.South Central H supply corridorImportsGrid-basedDedicated greenBlueSource:Five hydrogen supply corridors for Europe in 2030,European Hydrogen Backbone,May 20226 European Clean Hydrogen Allia

27、nce Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridorsSouth Central H supply corridor2.2.PROJECTS SNAPSHOT HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE MAP 2030 StorageNew and converted aquifer Conversion of existing aquiferNew depleted fieldNew and converted depleted fieldConversion of existing depleted fieldNew salt cavernNew and

28、 converted salt cavernConversion of existing depleted salt cavernNew surface storageTerminals and portsNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDemandDemandProductionElectrolyser Methane Reforming(SMR/ATR)Other/no data availableLEGENDTransmissionNewNew and conversionConversion of ex

29、isting infrastructureDistributionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureCompletedHigh pressure distributionEuropean Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridors 7 HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE MAP 2040 South Central H supply corridorStorageNew and converted aquifer Con

30、version of existing aquiferNew depleted fieldNew and converted depleted fieldConversion of existing depleted fieldNew salt cavernNew and converted salt cavernConversion of existing depleted salt cavernNew surface storageTerminals and portsNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDem

31、andDemandProductionElectrolyser Methane Reforming(SMR/ATR)Other/no data availableLEGENDTransmissionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDistributionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureCompletedHigh pressure distribution8 European Clean Hydrogen Alliance Lea

32、rnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridorsHYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE MAP 2050 South Central H supply corridorStorageNew and converted aquifer Conversion of existing aquiferNew depleted fieldNew and converted depleted fieldConversion of existing depleted fieldNew salt cavernNew and converted salt cavernConvers

33、ion of existing depleted salt cavernNew surface storageTerminals and portsNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDemandDemandProductionElectrolyser Methane Reforming(SMR/ATR)Other/no data availableLEGENDTransmissionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDistribu

34、tionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureCompletedHigh pressure distributionEuropean Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridors 9 Project nameCategoryCommis-sioning yearCapacity LinkItalian H Backbone(part of SunsHyne corridor)Transmission2030Import from N.Af

35、rica:448 GWh/d Export to N.EU:201 GWh/dPuglia Green Hydrogen Valley CerignolaProduction202680 MWPuglia Green Hydrogen Valley TarantoProduction202680 MWPuglia Green Hydrogen Valley BrindisiProduction202660 MWSLOH2 backboneTransmission20356 GWh/dSLOP2G(electrolyser)Production202810 MWCentral European

36、Hydrogen corridor project,CEHC SK part Baumgarten and Lanhot(part of SunsHyne corridor)Transmission2030144 GWh/dCentral European Hydrogen corridor project,CEHC,CZ part(Lanhot-Waidhaus)(part of SunsHyne corridor)Transmission2030144 GWh/dOGE H2ercules Network South (part of SunsHyne corridor)Transmiss

37、ion2030144 GWh/dH Readiness of the TAG Pipeline System (part of SunsHyne corridor)Transmission2030168 GWh/day IT/AT142 GWh/d to WAG and/or SKH Backbone WAG+Penta WestTransmission203055 TWhH2EU+STORETransmission&Storage20302030:2.5 TWh 2040:40 TWh 2050:80 TWhUnderground Sun Storage 2030Storage2023Sto

38、rage working volume:4.5 GWh H(assuming one cycle per year)Injection capacity:0.031 GWh H/d Withdrawal capacity:0.048 GWh H/dUnderground Sun Storage Scale-UpStorage2030150 GWh H assuming one cycle per year project running as of 2030HyPipe Bavaria The Hydrogen HubTransmission202720302030:150 GW/dH Col

39、lektorDistribution2026H Campus WNProduction20233 MWLogHynProduction20264 000 t/yThe table includes some of the hydrogen projects displayed on the Hydrogen Infrastructure Map,last updated on 30 March 2023.South Central H supply corridor10 European Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply

40、corridors2.3 SPECIFIC BOTTLENECKSThe peculiarity of the regions involved and the strong dependance on extra-EU countries for large-scale produc-tion at lower costs needs to be considered.In North Africa there is currently a lack of dedicated H infrastructure assets and a clear development process fo

41、r H infrastructures while natural gas pipelines connecting North Africa to Europe through Italy are already in place and suitable for repurposing.Energy demand is strongly condensed in North Italy/Austria/Germany while the potential for the most cost-effective production of hydrogen is in the south

42、of Europe/North Africa.Taking advantage of higher RES availability and producibility,as well as extended land availability,green hydrogen production in Southern regions is the most cost-efficient solution,also adding the transport costs from North Africa to Europe.2.4 SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS To add

43、ress the issue with lack of infrastructure as mentioned above,in January 2023 Italy and Algeria signed a cooperation agreement to develop energy infrastructures,including H pipes.The cooperation agreement involves various industrial players,including upstream and infrastructure operators in order to

44、 define a strategic collaboration to support the development of the hydrogen corridor.To tackle the need for interconnection between the North and South a coordinated development of the full corridor,including progressive enhancements of the H Italian backbone and their interconnections with Austria

45、n,Slovak,Czech and German grids,should be ensured.Intensify existing and establish new strategic energy/H partnerships between EU and promising export-ing countries(for example by signing collaboration documents on strategic projects for large scale and cost-efficient hydrogen production).One exampl

46、e of cooperation that could be used as basis for the MoU with North Africa is the signed MoU EU-Ukraine on a Strategic Partnership on Renewable Gases.South Central H supply corridorEuropean Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridors 11 3 IBERIAN H SUPPLY CORRIDOR3.1 POTENTIAL OF

47、THE H CORRIDORMajor driver for the development is to connect high-production potential regions in the south(ES,PT,MO,DZ)with off-taker regions in North-Western Europe(DE,BE,NL,FR).New interconnections be-tween Portugal and Spain,and between the Iberian Peninsula and France are key for the developmen

48、t of the corridor.As it would help provide reliable H supply for off takers in the region and allow all three countries to benefit from the low-cost,high-vol-ume Spanish and Portuguese hydrogen production and underground storage sites located in France and in the Iberian Peninsula.This corridor,whic

49、h would stretch all the way to Germany,can play an important role in decarbonising regional industrial and transport ecosystems in Portugal,Spain,and France,and deliver hydrogen at low cost to demand centres in Germany and neighbouring countries.This project corresponds to the announcement made on t

50、he 20 of October 2022 in Brussels by three leaders from France,Spain and Portugal to develop a maritime pipeline connecting Barcelona with Marseille as the most direct and efficient option to connect the Iberian Peninsula to Central Europe.In Alicante on 9 of December 2022,they confirmed the launchi

51、ng of this Green Energy corridor,newly called H2Med.In the longer term the corridor can also provide access to hydrogen imports from Morocco and Algeria.Iberian H supply corridorACCORDING TO THE EHB 2022 REPORT ANALYSIS:H supply potential(TWh/y)20302030164 TWh164 TWh(2030)73 Mt(7%)569 TWh211 Mt(21%)

52、20402040Emissions reductions(MtCO/y vs.2019)In 2030 hydrogen supply is 160 TWh,of which 65%is is from dedicated green hydrogen.Hydrogen supply increases significantly 2040,reaching 570 TWh.ImportsGrid-basedDedicated greenBlueSource:Five hydrogen supply corridors for Europe in 2030,European Hydrogen

53、Backbone,May 202212 European Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridors3.2 PROJECTS SNAPSHOT HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE MAP 2030 Iberian H supply corridorStorageNew and converted aquifer Conversion of existing aquiferNew depleted fieldNew and converted depleted fieldConversion of ex

54、isting depleted fieldNew salt cavernNew and converted salt cavernConversion of existing depleted salt cavernNew surface storageTerminals and portsNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDemandDemandProductionElectrolyser Methane Reforming(SMR/ATR)Other/no data availableLEGENDTransm

55、issionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDistributionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureCompletedHigh pressure distributionEuropean Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridors 13 HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE MAP 2040 Iberian H supply corrid

56、orIberian H supply corridorStorageNew and converted aquifer Conversion of existing aquiferNew depleted fieldNew and converted depleted fieldConversion of existing depleted fieldNew salt cavernNew and converted salt cavernConversion of existing depleted salt cavernNew surface storageTerminals and por

57、tsNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDemandDemandProductionElectrolyser Methane Reforming(SMR/ATR)Other/no data availableLEGENDTransmissionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDistributionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureCompletedH

58、igh pressure distribution14 European Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridorsHYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE MAP 2050 Iberian H supply corridorStorageNew and converted aquifer Conversion of existing aquiferNew depleted fieldNew and converted depleted fieldConversion of existing deplete

59、d fieldNew salt cavernNew and converted salt cavernConversion of existing depleted salt cavernNew surface storageTerminals and portsNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDemandDemandProductionElectrolyser Methane Reforming(SMR/ATR)Other/no data availableLEGENDTransmissionNewNew a

60、nd conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDistributionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureCompletedHigh pressure distributionEuropean Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridors 15 Project nameCategoryCommis-sioning yearCapacity LinkH2Med-CelZaTransmi

61、ssion20300.75 MTPA H (81 GWh/d HHV)H2Med-BarMarTransmission20302 MTPA H(216 GWh/d HHV)Spanish hydrogen backbone 2030 (6th list PCI candidate)Transmission202820301.3 Mt of national demand,2 Mt of exports through BarMar,0.75 Mt of imports through CelZa and 0.45 Mt of exports through carriers(maritime

62、transmission)Spanish hydrogen backbone(including repurposing of existing gas connections with France and Morocco)Transmission 2040ES-IT Offshore Interconnector(new H-ready gas pipeline to be repurposed)Transmission2040320 GWh/d HHVH storage North-1(Spain)Storage2030Working Gas Volume by 2030:335 GWh

63、(Full WGV to reach 1,110 GWh before 2040 at a later stage of development)H storage North-2(Spain)Storage2030Working Gas Volume by 2030:240 GWh(Full WGV to reach 812 GWh before 2040 at a later stage of development)YelaStorage2040Working Gas Volume:1,700 GWhHySoW(Hydrogen Southwest corridor of France)

64、Transmission&Storage203044 GWh/d HHV(transport part to connect the storage)Storage saline capacities:500 GWh(WGV HHV)H2Med-CelZa (Celorico da Beira-Vale de Frades pipeline)Transmission203081 GWh/d HHVPortuguese hydrogen backbone first stage (Includes:new Figueira da Foz Cantanhede pipeline,and repur

65、posed pipelines Cantanhede Mangualde,Mangualde Celorico da Beira,and Monforte Celorico da Beira)Transmission2030Portuguese hydrogen back-bone will accommodate the H production and consumption in Portugal and allow for an export of up to 0.75 Mt via CelZa to Spain.Portuguese hydrogen backbone 2040Tra

66、nsmission2040Portuguese hydrogen back-bone will accommodate the H production and consumption in Portugal and allow for an export of up to 0.75 Mt via CelZa to SpainMosaHYcTransmission2027 5,5 GWh/dRHYnTransmission202820 GWh/dIberian H supply corridor16 European Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on H

67、ydrogen Supply corridorsProject nameCategoryCommis-sioning yearCapacity LinkWHHYNTransmission202624 GWh/dDHUNETransmission202724 GWh/dFrench-Belgian corridorTransmissionHYnframedTransmission202825 GWh/dHy-FenTransmission2030200 GWh/dFrench Hydrogen Backbone 2040Transmission2040NAHyWest Larrau and Bi

68、riatouTransmission20352040Biriatou:85 GWh/d(HHV)Larrau:47 GWh/d(HHV)H2ercules Network SouthTransmission2030192 GWh/dHypster(First phase)Storage2023Storage Working volume:0.12 GWhHypster(Second phase)Storage2026Storage Working volume:1.7 GWhGeoH2Storage2030Storage Working volume:250 GWhTarragona Hydr

69、ogen Network(T-HYNET)(Electrolyser)Production2025150 MWValle andaluz del hidrogeno verde(Electrolyser)Production20272 GWHyperion H Alter(Electrolyser)Production20259.22 MWH2Sines.RdamTerminal&Port2026H2Sines.RDAM electrolyserProduction2028400 MWBH2C(Phase I,II,III,IV)Distribution20232026Asturias H V

70、alleyDistribution2025The table includes some of the hydrogen projects displayed on the Hydrogen Infrastructure Map,last updated on 30 March 2023.Iberian H supply corridorEuropean Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridors 17 3.3.SPECIFIC BOTTLENECKS There is no adequate and timel

71、y development of stor-age assets at this stage in the Iberian corridor,which provides a problem for efficient use and development of transport infrastructure.There are regulatory,admin-istrative and financial issues which are not sufficiently addressed at present.There is currently lack of dedicated

72、 H assets and development process for hydrogen in North Africa.At this stage no substantial flows from North Africa are assumed in 2030 via the Iberian corridor.3.4.SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONSThe storage and transport infrastructure should be devel-oped consistently in a timely manner along the corrido

73、r:Timely development of the storage projects across the corridor is important to provide the needed market integration and security of supply.This is of particular interest for the Iberian corridor,supplying demand to Germany with wind and solar renewable based hydro-gen produced in Spain.Need to ge

74、t as soon as possible clarity on availability of funds to finance first the studies and then the works to comply with the 2030 commissioning objectives.Waiting for the CEF fund related to the PCI status would threaten the availability of the corridor in due time.CBA and CBCA conducted needs to captu

75、re all the costs and benefits for all projects and countries included in the Iberian corridor.To tackle the need for interconnection between the North and South a coordinated development along the entire corridor,including progressive enhancements of the H Spanish and Portuguese backbone and their i

76、nterconnections with French and German backbones,should be ensured.Support for development of import from North Africa:Energy demand is strongly condensed in Germany while the potential for the most cost-effective pro-duction of hydrogen is in the south of Europe/North Africa.Taking advantage of hig

77、her RES availability and producibility,as well as extended land availability,green hydrogen production in Southern regions is the most cost-efficient solution.Energy partnerships with third countries like Morocco and Algeria have to be intensified to ensure H imports from these regions with promisin

78、g renewable poten-tials.Current initiatives like the one between Germany,the country towards which the corridor is transport-ing hydrogen,and Morocco and Algeria should be intensified and extended.These partnerships should involve governments and industrial players for good coordination across the c

79、orridor.The questions around guarantee of origin certification should also be part of these partnerships.There is a need for reinforced coordination between EU,EU member states and North African countries.Iberian H supply corridor18 European Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corri

80、dors4 NORTH SEA H SUPPLY CORRIDOR4.1 POTENTIAL OF THE H CORRIDORThe corridor will combine several types of infrastruc-ture assets to establish itself as a hub for(i)liquid imports of hydrogen and derivatives,(ii)pipeline imports and wider transmission,(iii)storage,(iv)production,and(v)end-use.To bui

81、ld up this full eco-system the corridor leverages existing infrastructure of the seaports in Antwerp,Rotterdam,Zeebrugge,Amsterdam,Gent,Terneuzen,Vlissingen,which will form the start of an energy import and transport corridor.As well as leverage on the extensive offshore renewable capacity in the No

82、rth Sea with import capacity and connection to the national and regional H backbones in the Netherlands and Belgium to the hinterland in Germany.Hydrogen derivates as such are well-known products in this region as they are already widely used in the chemical clusters close to ports as well as in the

83、 German hinterland.Hence,there is existing infrastructure to import and use hydrogen/hydrogen derivates as well as other assets such as know-how and expertise on safety of handling these molecules.Based on EHB Initiative analysis,the corridor covers 12,000 km of large-scale hydrogen pipelines in 203

84、0,of which 70%would be repurposed.ACCORDING TO THE EHB 2022 REPORT ANALYSIS:H supply potential(TWh/y)20302030249 TWh249 TWh(2030)94 Mt(8%)852 TWh254 Mt(21%)20402040Emissions reductions(MtCO/y vs.2019)In 2030 hydrogen supply is 250 TWh,of which over 40%is blue hydrogen.Hydrogen supply increa-ses sign

85、ificantly 2040,reaching 570 TWh.ImportsGrid-basedDedicated greenBlueNorth Sea H supply corridorSource:Five hydrogen supply corridors for Europe in 2030,European Hydrogen Backbone,May 2022European Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridors 19 North Sea H supply corridorStorageNew

86、and converted aquifer Conversion of existing aquiferNew depleted fieldNew and converted depleted fieldConversion of existing depleted fieldNew salt cavernNew and converted salt cavernConversion of existing depleted salt cavernNew surface storageTerminals and portsNewNew and conversionConversion of e

87、xisting infrastructureDemandDemandProductionElectrolyser Methane Reforming(SMR/ATR)Other/no data availableLEGENDTransmissionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDistributionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureCompletedHigh pressure distribution4.2 PROJECTS

88、SNAPSHOT HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE MAP 2030 20 European Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridorsNorth Sea H supply corridorHYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE MAP 2040 StorageNew and converted aquifer Conversion of existing aquiferNew depleted fieldNew and converted depleted fieldConversion

89、of existing depleted fieldNew salt cavernNew and converted salt cavernConversion of existing depleted salt cavernNew surface storageTerminals and portsNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDemandDemandProductionElectrolyser Methane Reforming(SMR/ATR)Other/no data availableLEGENDT

90、ransmissionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDistributionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureCompletedHigh pressure distributionEuropean Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridors 21 North Sea H supply corridorHYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE

91、MAP 2050 StorageNew and converted aquifer Conversion of existing aquiferNew depleted fieldNew and converted depleted fieldConversion of existing depleted fieldNew salt cavernNew and converted salt cavernConversion of existing depleted salt cavernNew surface storageTerminals and portsNewNew and conve

92、rsionConversion of existing infrastructureDemandDemandProductionElectrolyser Methane Reforming(SMR/ATR)Other/no data availableLEGENDTransmissionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDistributionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureCompletedHigh pressure distr

93、ibution22 European Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridorsNorth Sea H supply corridorProject nameCategoryCommis-sioning yearCapacity LinkDK Hydrogen Pipeline,West DK Hydrogen SystemTransmission202860 GWh/dDK Hydrogen StorageStorage2030Working Gas Volume:3,500 t H(116 GWh),Inje

94、ction:3.16 GWh/d Withdrawal:9.5 GWh/dDelta H CorridorTransmission2027131,5 GWh/dNational H Backbone by Gasunie(NL)Transmission2027Capacity:1015 GW by 2030Interconnection capacities:NL-BE 2026 1,5 GWNL-BE 2030 2 GWNL-BE 2040 3 GWNL-DE 2026 0,5 GW NL-DE 2030 10,2 GWNL-DE 2040 15,8 GWBelgian Hydrogen B

95、ackbone(BE)Transmission2026 2027 2030 2040BE-NL:+36 GWh/d BE-FR:+24 GWh/d Import:+16.2 GWh/d BE-NL:+12 GWh/d BE-FR:+84 GWh/d BE-DE:+91 GWh/d Import:+48 GWh/d BE-NL:+12 GWh/dZeebrugge New Molecules development(import)Terminal&port2030-3 NH tanks of 100,000 m3 each-Connection to H grid of Fluxys-33000

96、 t/d cracking of NH to H(1250 t H/d)equal to 450,000 t/y-17.7 TWh/y HHV-48 GWh/d=2 GWh/hDunkerque New Molecules development(import)Terminal&port2030-3 NH tanks of 100,000 m3 each-Connection to H grid of GRTgaz-33000 t/d cracking of NH to H(1250 t H/d)equal to 450,000 t/y-17.7 TWh/y HHV-48 GWh/d=2 GW

97、h/hAntwerp NH Import Terminal(Antwerp)Terminal&port2027-2 NH tanks of 100,000 m3 each-Connection to H grid of Fluxys-Cracking of NH to H:3000 t/d-3000 t/d NH is equal to 411 t/H/day-150,000 t/H per year-5.9 TWh/y HHV-16.2 GWh/d=0.67 GWh/h HHVH2BE(large-scale low-carbon H production in North Sea port

98、(Ghent)Production20281 GWHyStock hydrogen storageStorage2027Working gas volume:833 GWhInjection capacity:75.5 GWh/dWithdrawal capacity:75.5 GWh/dSeaH2land(electrolyser in North Sea Port Vlissingen)Production2030 1 GWEuropean Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridors 23 Project n

99、ameCategoryCommis-sioning yearCapacity LinkProject HeliosTerminal&port2026Amplifhy RotterdamTerminal&port2026Daily Send-out capacity:45 GWhAmplifhy AntwerpTerminal&port2026Daily Send-out capacity:45 GWhCHYMIA(Cluster HYdrogen for Mobility and Industry in Antwerp)Production2025100 MWNorthH2Production

100、20304 GWDjewels(electrolyser)Production202520 MWACE terminal in RotterdamTerminal&port20266,240 GWh/yAquaDuctusTransmission2029Transport capacity of up to 10 GW of green hydrogen productionHyOffwind(Zeebrugge)Production202425 MWPower to MethanolProduction20238,000 t/methanolH2ermes(electrolyser)Prod

101、uction2025100 MWH2eraProduction2026500 MWHyNetherlandsProduction2025100 MWH2morrowProduction20281 GWHH1 Loading FacilityProduction2025200 MWH2-Fifty(electrolysers)Production2025250 MWGreen Hydrogen Hub ZuidwendingStorage2026Storage working volume:400 GWhInjection capacity:4.5936 GWh/dWithdrawal capa

102、city:9.216 GWh/dGreen Hydrogen Hub DrentheStorage2028Storage working volume:400 GWhInjection capacity:4.5936 GWh/dWithdrawal capacity:9.216 GWh/dH2ercules Network NorthTransmission2028IP Oude:52.8 GWh/dIP Dornum/Wilhelmshaven:642 GWh/dH2ercules Network WestTransmission2030IP Eynatten:91.2 GWh/dH2erc

103、ules Network North-WestTransmission2030IP Elten:76.8 GWh/dStad Aardgasvrij-Hydrogen CityDistribution2025WaterstofWijk WagenborgenDistribution2023The table includes some of the hydrogen projects displayed on the Hydrogen Infrastructure Map,last updated on 30 March 2023.North Sea H supply corridor24 E

104、uropean Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridors4.3 SPECIFIC BOTTLENECKS Missing open-access hydrogen backbone connected to industrial regions in German hinterland(e.g.parts of Bavaria and Baden-Wuerttemberg).Lack of adequate regulatory,as well as R&I framework as to transporta

105、tion of hydrogen and hydrogen carriers from landing point to place of consumption.The local renewable electricity-to-hydrogen production capacity will not be able to meet high demands in this highly industrialised region and the hinterland it is serving,this imbalance will need to be addressed by im

106、ports from third countries.4.4 SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS Capitalise on existing infrastructure to import and use hydrogen and hydrogen derivates,as well as on the existing expertise as a solid basis to build upon.Support large scale imports by the creation of a well-functioning international market f

107、or hydrogen/hydrogen carriers by a.o.guarantee of origin/certi-fication system,operational support mechanisms,rapid permitting procedures for the development of infrastructures,international partnerships,etc.Address regulatory challenges linked to transportation of hydrogen and hydrogen carriers fro

108、m the landing ports to the hinterland destinations by different transport modes,such as by barges,rail,seagoing vessels.E.g.to see the uptake of the construction of hydrogen and hydrogen carrier seaborne tankers,certain regulatory challenges linked to safety issues and lack of international standard

109、s,as well as lack of sufficient and coordinated investments,need to be addressed;e.g.to facilitate transport by barges and rail there is a need for clear and harmonised safety regulations and permitting procedures for LH and CH transportation in inland shipping and rail.North Sea H supply corridorEu

110、ropean Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridors 25 5 NORDIC BALTIC H SUPPLY CORRIDOR5.1 POTENTIAL OF THE H CORRIDORMajor driver for the development of the Nordic Baltic H supply corridor is the major potential onshore and offshore wind potential in the Nordics,and the Baltic Se

111、a,along with grid-based green hy-drogen,leveraging the vast,low-cost hydropower potential of the Nordics.The Baltic Sea is a large area with dense population and a relatively small amount of consumption.Hydrogen will be supplied to steel,ammonia,paper and pulp industry located in the North(need of 1

112、00 TWh of H)as well as to the continent.Pipeline and terminal routes with first green exports from the region to continental Europe planned in 2028.The Nordic route will build on new hydrogen infrastructure based on development of 1,000 km of dedicated green H pipeline in the Bothnian Bay operationa

113、l by 2028.There is also a plan for 3,000 km long pipeline based on a joint project to connect six states Finland,Estonia,Latvia,Lithuania,Poland and Germany.This corridor offers also connection to Central and Eastern Europe and South Germany via pipelines in the project“FLOW Making Hydrogen Happen”a

114、nd the“Czech-German Hydrogen Interconnector”.Nordic Baltic H supply corridorACCORDING TO THE EHB 2022 REPORT ANALYSIS:184 TWh(2030)In 2030 hydrogen supply is 185 TWh,of which nearly 70%is green hydrogen.Hydrogen supply increases significantly 2040,reaching 500 TWh.ImportsGrid-basedDedicated greenBlu

115、eSource:Five hydrogen supply corridors for Europe in 2030,European Hydrogen Backbone,May 202226 European Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridorsNordic Baltic H supply corridor5.2 PROJECTS SNAPSHOT HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE MAP 2030 StorageNew and converted aquifer Conversion of

116、existing aquiferNew depleted fieldNew and converted depleted fieldConversion of existing depleted fieldNew salt cavernNew and converted salt cavernConversion of existing depleted salt cavernNew surface storageTerminals and portsNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDemandDemandPr

117、oductionElectrolyser Methane Reforming(SMR/ATR)Other/no data availableLEGENDTransmissionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDistributionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureCompletedHigh pressure distributionEuropean Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hyd

118、rogen Supply corridors 27 Nordic Baltic H supply corridorHYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE MAP 2040 StorageNew and converted aquifer Conversion of existing aquiferNew depleted fieldNew and converted depleted fieldConversion of existing depleted fieldNew salt cavernNew and converted salt cavernConversion of ex

119、isting depleted salt cavernNew surface storageTerminals and portsNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDemandDemandProductionElectrolyser Methane Reforming(SMR/ATR)Other/no data availableLEGENDTransmissionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDistributionNewNe

120、w and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureCompletedHigh pressure distribution28 European Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridorsNordic Baltic H supply corridorHYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE MAP 2050 StorageNew and converted aquifer Conversion of existing aquiferNew deplete

121、d fieldNew and converted depleted fieldConversion of existing depleted fieldNew salt cavernNew and converted salt cavernConversion of existing depleted salt cavernNew surface storageTerminals and portsNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDemandDemandProductionElectrolyser Methan

122、e Reforming(SMR/ATR)Other/no data availableLEGENDTransmissionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDistributionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureCompletedHigh pressure distributionEuropean Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridors 29 N

123、ordic Baltic H supply corridorProject nameCategoryCommis-sioning yearCapacity LinkNordic Hydrogen Route Bothnian Bay Swedish partTransmission2029406 GWh/dNordic-Baltic Hydrogen Corridor FI sectionTransmission2029200 GWh/d3H2 Helsinki Hydrogen HubProduction20242 MWUPM Lappeenranta Biorefinery Green H

124、Production202520 MWHycamite Customer Sample FacilityProduction20237.85 MWHydrogen step 1 in HoforsProduction202320 MWIPCEI Northern Green CraneTerminal&port2026Expected yearly volume:292 GW/yNordic-Baltic Hydrogen Coridor EE sectionTransmission2029200 GWh/dNordic-Baltic Hydrogen Corridor LT sectionT

125、ransmission2029200 GWh/dNordic Baltic Hydrogen Corridor LV sectionTransmission2029200 GWh/dHydrogen seasonal storage in LatviaStorage2040Nordic-Baltic Hydrogen Corridor PL sectionTransmission2029200 GWh/dPolish Hydrogen Backbone InfrastructureTransmission2039Damasawek Hydrogen Storage projectStorage

126、2035Storage working volume:up to 4.3 TWhGreen FalconProduction2021515 MWH Interconnector Bornholm LubminTransmission20272027:36 GWh/d2030:91.2 GWh/d2035:240 GWh/dFlow Making Hydrogen happen(VIP Brandov)(part of Hydrogen Interconnector)Transmission20302035240 GWh/dCzech German Hydrogen Interconnector

127、,Czech Part Brandov Waidhaus (part of Czech German Hydrogen Interconnector)Transmission2030144 GWh/dOGE H2ercules Network South (part of Czech German Hydrogen Interconnector)Transmission2030IP Waidhaus:144 GWh/dThe included data on capacities is subject to change based on future feasibility study re

128、sults.The table includes some of the hydrogen projects displayed on the Hydrogen Infrastructure Map,last updated on 30 March 2023.30 European Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridors5.3 SPECIFIC BOTTLENECKS Need for tailored engagement to drive public accept-ance,especially wit

129、h local indigenous communities in the North area.Limited parallel lines between the clusters/valleys and regionally defined production sites.Limited understanding of the relevant timescale for cross-border planning for the switch from gas to hydrogen.Need to define exact number of interconnections a

130、nd infrastructure to be dedicated for H.5.4 SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS Understand the maturity of the hydrogen valleys and production plans in the region.Prepare a joint regional approach plan with specific recommendation for the dedicated Members States and European Commission towards fulfilling REpo

131、werEU.Preparation of the special plan for the connecting especially northern part of the region production side towards further connection with Baltic states towards west of Europe.Plan for the potential re-routing towards Ukraine to utilise the huge potential of the green H production from the East

132、.Nordic Baltic H supply corridorEuropean Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridors 31 6 EASTERN H SUPPLY CORRIDOR6.1 POTENTIAL OF THE H CORRIDORMajor driver for the development of the Eastern corridor is to utilise the potential of renewable hydrogen production in Ukraine.Ukrain

133、e is a very promising future major supplier of renewable hydrogen with excellent conditions for large-scale,green hydrogen production development.The estimated technical potential is 500800 GW of renewable energy capacity,while the supply potential ranges between 1,0001,500 TWh.Ukraine has well-deve

134、loped ammonia and steel production industries which could prove suitable offtakers.Ukraine is well connected to Europe by its large natural gas pipeline system that can be repurposed to transport hydrogen and also features a significant number of large-scale underground gas storages.Parallel pipelin

135、es along the planned project“Central European Hydrogen Corridor(CEHC)”allow for fast and cost-efficient repurposing of dedicated pipe-lines without any negative effect on the security of the regional supply of natural gas.Repurposed pipelines in the Czech Republic and Slovakia will be combined with

136、targeted investments in new dedicated H pipelines in Austria and compressor stations in Slovakia.The Hydrogen storage facilities of RAG Austria in the regions of Salzburg and Upper Austria and NAFTA in Slovakia(IPCEI)will be used to secure and structure the(seasonal)demand of the hydrogen consumers.

137、The corridor can connect high H supply potential in Ukraine with off takers in Central Europe and southern Germany by 2030.On the corridor additional countries can be connected,i.e.Hungary,Slovenia and Croatia.Besides pipeline transport,the Danube river could be used for the transport of hydrogen de

138、rivates from Eastern Europe via ships.Eastern H supply corridor32 European Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridors6.2 PROJECTS SNAPSHOT HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE MAP 2030 Eastern H supply corridorStorageNew and converted aquifer Conversion of existing aquiferNew depleted fieldNe

139、w and converted depleted fieldConversion of existing depleted fieldNew salt cavernNew and converted salt cavernConversion of existing depleted salt cavernNew surface storageTerminals and portsNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDemandDemandProductionElectrolyser Methane Reformi

140、ng(SMR/ATR)Other/no data availableLEGENDTransmissionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDistributionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureCompletedHigh pressure distributionEuropean Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridors 33 HYDROGEN I

141、NFRASTRUCTURE MAP 2040 Eastern H supply corridorStorageNew and converted aquifer Conversion of existing aquiferNew depleted fieldNew and converted depleted fieldConversion of existing depleted fieldNew salt cavernNew and converted salt cavernConversion of existing depleted salt cavernNew surface sto

142、rageTerminals and portsNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDemandDemandProductionElectrolyser Methane Reforming(SMR/ATR)Other/no data availableLEGENDTransmissionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDistributionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing inf

143、rastructureCompletedHigh pressure distribution34 European Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridorsHYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE MAP 2050 Eastern H supply corridorStorageNew and converted aquifer Conversion of existing aquiferNew depleted fieldNew and converted depleted fieldConversio

144、n of existing depleted fieldNew salt cavernNew and converted salt cavernConversion of existing depleted salt cavernNew surface storageTerminals and portsNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDemandDemandProductionElectrolyser Methane Reforming(SMR/ATR)Other/no data availableLEGEN

145、DTransmissionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDistributionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureCompletedHigh pressure distributionEuropean Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridors 35 Eastern H supply corridorProject nameCategoryComm

146、is-sioning yearCapacity LinkH2EU+STORETransmission&Storage20302030:2.5 TWh2040:40 TWh 2050:80 TWhUnderground Sun Storage 2030Storage2023Storage working volume:4.5 GWh H(assuming one cycle per year)Injection capacity:0.031 GWh H/dWithdrawal capacity:0.048 GWh H/dUnderground Sun Storage Scale-UpStorag

147、e2030150 GWh H,assuming one cycle per year Project running as of 2030Central European Hydrogen Corridor(UKR part)Transmission20302030:IP Vek Kapuany 240 GWh/dCentral European Hydrogen Corridor(SK part)Transmission20302030:IP Vek Kapuany 240 GWh/d2030:IP Baumgarten 144 GWh/dCentral European Hydrogen

148、Corridor(CZ part)Transmission20302030:144 GWh/dOGE H2ercules Network South (part of Central European Hydrogen Corridor)Transmission2030IP Medelsheim:192 Gwh/d IP Waidhaus:144 GWh/dH2I-S&D storageStorage2023UGS Lab H storage Storage2024Injection capacity:2.6 GWh H/dWithdrawal capacity:4.84 GWh H/dUnd

149、erground Gas Storage Velke KapusanyStorage2025Storage working volume:3,122.83 GWh mix of H and natural gasInjection capacity:34.2184 GWh H/dWithdrawal capacity:34.2184 GWh H/dP2G Velke Kapusany electrolyserProduction20247.2 GWh/yH Infrastructure-DistributionDistribution2030H CollektorDistribution 20

150、26G2F Gas To Future(Electrolyser)Production20242.9 GWh/yH Backbone WAG+Penta WestTransmission20302030:55 TWh36 European Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridorsProject nameCategoryCommis-sioning yearCapacity LinkSLOH2 backboneTransmission20356 GWh/dSLOP2G ElectrolyserProduction

151、202810 MWGreen Hydrogen Blue DanubeTerminal&port2024220 t/dFlow Making Hydrogen happen(VIP Brandov)Transmission20302035240 GWh/dHyPipe Bavaria The Hydrogen HubTransmission202720302030:150 GW/dThe table includes some of the hydrogen projects displayed on the Hydrogen Infrastructure Map,last updated o

152、n 30 March 2023.6.3 SPECIFIC BOTTLENECKS Many uncertainties relate to the ongoing war in Ukraine.Specific issues include the operational state of Ukraines natural gas infrastructure,the speed of economic recovery and infrastructure investment and the devel-opment of a hydrogen market and related sup

153、ply chains in Ukraine.High share of nuclear power generation in the energy mix in the region,and as such very dependent on how nuclear is treated in terms of Taxonomy Regulation.6.4 SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS Intensify energy partnerships with exporting countries,like Ukraine.The Hydrogen Bank should

154、consider creating a specific funding window for hydrogen production/infrastructure development in Ukraine(this also fits well with the idea of reconstruction after war).Eastern H supply corridorEuropean Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridors 37 7 SOUTHEASTERN H CORRIDOR7.1 PO

155、TENTIAL OF THE H CORRIDORThe major driver behind the development of this hydrogen corridor is the need to decarbonise industry,transport and power across Eastern and South-Eastern Europe.This is specifically relevant for new green steel projects and existing industry in Greece,Bulgaria,Romania,Hunga

156、ry,Slovakia,Croatia,Slovenia,Austria,Czechia towards Germany.Due to the vicinity to North Africa and Middle East,the corridor could in the future facilitate hydrogen imports from the neighboring countries via shipping or subsea pipeline transportation.The area offers abundant renewables potential,du

157、e to land availability and high-capacity factors for solar and onshore wind.Depleted gas fields in Greece,Czechia,Slovakia,Austria,and salt caverns Germany will be used to provide a cost-effective hydrogen storage solution.H SUPPLY AND DEMAND DATA:Demand data per year 2030:53 TWh 2040:179 TWh 2050:2

158、60 TWhSupply data per year 2030:22.1 TWh 2040:151 TWh 2050:183 TWhSoutheastern H supply corridor38 European Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridorsSoutheastern H supply corridor7.2 PROJECTS SNAPSHOT HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE MAP 2030 StorageNew and converted aquifer Conversion o

159、f existing aquiferNew depleted fieldNew and converted depleted fieldConversion of existing depleted fieldNew salt cavernNew and converted salt cavernConversion of existing depleted salt cavernNew surface storageTerminals and portsNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDemandDemand

160、ProductionElectrolyser Methane Reforming(SMR/ATR)Other/no data availableLEGENDTransmissionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDistributionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureCompletedHigh pressure distributionEuropean Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on H

161、ydrogen Supply corridors 39 Southeastern H supply corridorHYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE MAP 2040 StorageNew and converted aquifer Conversion of existing aquiferNew depleted fieldNew and converted depleted fieldConversion of existing depleted fieldNew salt cavernNew and converted salt cavernConversion of e

162、xisting depleted salt cavernNew surface storageTerminals and portsNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDemandDemandProductionElectrolyser Methane Reforming(SMR/ATR)Other/no data availableLEGENDTransmissionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDistributionNewN

163、ew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureCompletedHigh pressure distribution40 European Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridorsSoutheastern H supply corridorHYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE MAP 2050 StorageNew and converted aquifer Conversion of existing aquiferNew deplete

164、d fieldNew and converted depleted fieldConversion of existing depleted fieldNew salt cavernNew and converted salt cavernConversion of existing depleted salt cavernNew surface storageTerminals and portsNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDemandDemandProductionElectrolyser Methan

165、e Reforming(SMR/ATR)Other/no data availableLEGENDTransmissionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDistributionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureCompletedHigh pressure distributionEuropean Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridors 41 S

166、outheastern H supply corridorProject nameCategoryCommis-sioning yearCapacity LinkDedicated H Pipeline(Bulgaria to Greece)Transmission203070 GWh/dDedicated H Pipeline(Greece to Bulgaria)Transmission203070 GWh/d Retrofitting of existing Greek Transmission System(Bulgaria to Greece)Transmission20259.96

167、7 GWh/dRetrofitting of existing Greek Transmission System(Greece to Bulgaria)Transmission20255.5 GWh/dSouth Kavala Underground Gas Storage facilityStorage2029Injection capacity:35 GWh/dWithdrawal capacity:35 GWh/dMaritsa East hydrogen ready pipelineTransmission202670 GWh/dH transmission system in Bu

168、lgaria.Pipline from the Bulgarian-Greek border(Kulata)and Sofia region in Bulgaria.Transmission202970 GWh/dH transmission system in Bulgaria with 2 branches to Romania-near Ruse and KozloduyTransmission2040To be defined and aligned jointly with the Romanian operator.H transmission system in Bulgaria

169、.Pipeline from the Sofia region to Romania,Oltenia regionTransmission2040To be defined and aligned jointly with the Romanian operator.Giurgiu Nodlac corridor modernisation for hydrogen transmissionTransmission202976,8 GWh/dCentral European Hydrogen Corridor project,CEHC SK part Transmission2030Vek K

170、apuany IP:240 GWh/d Lanhot IP:144 GWh/dH2I-S&D storageStorage2023UGS Lab H storage Storage2024Injection capacity:2.6 GWh H/dWithdrawal capacity:4.84 GWh H/dUnderground Gas Storage Velke KapusanyStorage2025Storage working volume:3,122.83 GWh mix of H and natural gasInjection capacity:34.218 GWh H/dWi

171、thdrawal capacity:34.218 GWh H/dP2G Velke Kapusany electrolyserProduction20247.2 GWh/yCentral European Hydrogen Corridor project,CEHC,CZ part(Lanhot-Waidhaus)Transmission2030144 GWh/d(6 GWh/h)42 European Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridorsProject nameCategoryCommis-sioning

172、 yearCapacity LinkSK-HU H corridorTransmission2030100 GWh/dHydrogen production for fuel gas at Varosfold CSProduction20281 MWH2EU+STORETransmission&Storage20302030:2.5 TWh2040:40 TWh2050:80 TWhUnderground Sun Storage 2030Storage2023Storage working volume:4.5 GWh H(assuming one cycle per year)Injecti

173、on capacity:0.031 GWh H/dWithdrawal capacity:0.048 GWh H/dUnderground Sun Storage Scale-UpStorage2030150 GWh H(assuming one cycle per year)Adjustment of existing EUS pipeline SK-HUTransmission2040100 GWh/dH Backbone MurfeldTransmission203512 TWhHyPipe Bavaria The Hydrogen HubTransmission202720302030

174、:150 GW/dH2ercules Network SouthTransmission2030Waidhaus IP:144 GWh/dThe table includes some of the hydrogen projects displayed on the Hydrogen Infrastructure Map,last updated on 30 March 2023.7.3 SPECIFIC BOTTLENECKS The absence of national hydrogen strategies in many of the countries of the corrid

175、or can delay the progress of the hydrogen market developments in the region.The lack of parallel networks could also delay the development of the required infrastructure,since the construction of new,dedicated H pipelines will take more time and most likely they will be more expensive relative to re

176、purposed pipelines elsewhere in Europe.7.4 SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS Facilitate integrated energy system planning of hydrogen,natural gas,and electricity infrastructure supporting the accelerated deployment and integration of renewable energy resources.Integrate import considerations in hydrogen infr

177、astruc-ture planning,including port facilities for accepting and handling hydrogen carriers.Establish strategic hydrogen partnerships between EU and potential exporting countries in North Africa and the Middle East.Develop support mechanism for international hydrogen projects and transparent certifi

178、cation mechanisms.Southeastern H supply corridorEuropean Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridors 43 8 GERMANY DEMAND DRIVING ROLE FOR ALL CORRIDORS8.1 POTENTIAL OF GERMANY AS CENTRAL DEMAND CENTRE1 FNB-Gas Wasserstoffbericht.pdfGermany plays a central role in the development o

179、f a European hydrogen economy as all six outlined corridors are connected directly or indirectly to German demand centres.The development of the German domestic hydrogen market has therefore significant effects on the overall realisation and speed of the corridors.Germanys natural gas system is comp

180、lex with 16 gas TSOs and 700 DSOs,but it is well organised and can build on very well-developed gas infra-structure both on the level of distribution(550,000 km)as well as transmission(25,000 km)that can be repurposed to transport hydrogen easily to a great variety of customers.1 Germany has a long

181、experi-ence in gas conversion processes from town gas to natural gas and more recently ongoing conversion from Dutch L-Gas to H-Gas.In 2030 Germany expects a hydrogen demand be-tween 95130 TWh across all sectors.In addition,current grey hydrogen demand of 55 TWh needs to be decarbonised.Should price

182、s for fossil ener-gy carriers remain high,and hydrogen production costs further decrease,hydrogen demand could rise quicker and in greater quantity than currently envisaged.In addition,Germany has the largest gas storage capacity in the EU and the fourth in the world,after United States,Russia and U

183、kraine.This storage capacity can be gradually repurposed to provide much-needed hydrogen storage capac-ity.In addition,several sites for new salt caverns are available adjacent to existing storage sites.Flexibility can be further increased in the future by repurposing LNG import terminals that are c

184、urrently being set up in Germany for hydrogen and its derivatives imports beyond 2030.At the DSO level a national project GTP-Gas distribution Transfor-mation Plan was set up.As part of the analysis conducted by European Hydrogen Backbone initiative,demand in the middle of Europe(Germany,Benelux,Cze

185、chia,Poland,and Austria)will in 2040 exceed supply potential of the region by 440 TWh.This underlines the necessity for the region for well-established import routes and large-volume(underground)hydrogen storage sites.Germany44 European Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridorsG

186、ermany8.2 PROJECTS SNAPSHOT HYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE MAP 2030 StorageNew and converted aquifer Conversion of existing aquiferNew depleted fieldNew and converted depleted fieldConversion of existing depleted fieldNew salt cavernNew and converted salt cavernConversion of existing depleted salt cavernNe

187、w surface storageTerminals and portsNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDemandDemandProductionElectrolyser Methane Reforming(SMR/ATR)Other/no data availableLEGENDTransmissionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDistributionNewNew and conversionConversion of

188、 existing infrastructureCompletedHigh pressure distributionEuropean Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridors 45 GermanyHYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE MAP 2040 StorageNew and converted aquifer Conversion of existing aquiferNew depleted fieldNew and converted depleted fieldConversion of

189、 existing depleted fieldNew salt cavernNew and converted salt cavernConversion of existing depleted salt cavernNew surface storageTerminals and portsNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDemandDemandProductionElectrolyser Methane Reforming(SMR/ATR)Other/no data availableLEGENDTra

190、nsmissionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDistributionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureCompletedHigh pressure distribution46 European Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridorsGermanyHYDROGEN INFRASTRUCTURE MAP 2050 StorageNew and

191、 converted aquifer Conversion of existing aquiferNew depleted fieldNew and converted depleted fieldConversion of existing depleted fieldNew salt cavernNew and converted salt cavernConversion of existing depleted salt cavernNew surface storageTerminals and portsNewNew and conversionConversion of exis

192、ting infrastructureDemandDemandProductionElectrolyser Methane Reforming(SMR/ATR)Other/no data availableLEGENDTransmissionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureDistributionNewNew and conversionConversion of existing infrastructureCompletedHigh pressure distributionEuropean Clean H

193、ydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridors 47 GermanyProject namePromoterProject TypeCategoryCapacity LinkGreen Octopus MitteldeutschlandONTRAS Gastransport GmbH and VNG Gasspeicher GmbHMix:new+conversion of existing infrastructureTransmission and storageEntry/exit capacity of 84 GWh/dN

194、ordic-Baltic Hydrogen Corridor DE sectionONTRAS Gastransport GmbHNewly-built infrastructureTransmissionONTRAS entry:200 GWh/d ONTRAS exit:100 GWh/ddoing hydrogenONTRAS Gastransport GmbHMix:new+conversion of existing infrastructureTransmissionEntry/exit capacity of 84 GWh/dHyPipe Bavaria The Hydrogen

195、 HubbayernetsConversion of existing infrastructureTransmission150 GW RHYn IntercoterranetsBWConversion of existing infrastructureTransmission and distribu-tion12 GWh/dH2EU+STORERAG Austria,Bayerngas,bayernets,Gas Connect Austria,Eco-Optima,eustream,Nafta,Open Grid Europe,Gas Transmission System Oper

196、ator of Ukraine,Storage System Operator of Ukraine (Ukrtransgaz JSC)and MNDMix:new+conversion of existing infrastructureIntegrated infrastructure project 2030:2.5 TWh2040:40 TWh2050:80 TWhAquaDuctusGASCADENewTransmission10 GWFLOW-making hydrogen happenGASCADEMix:new+conversion of existing infrastruc

197、tureTransmissionUp to 20 GWH Interconnector Bornholm Lubmin(IBL)GASCADENewTransmissionUp to 10 GWHyPerLink I/IIGasunie Energy Development GmbHMix:new+conversion of existing infrastructureTransmission4.080 GWHyPerLink VGasunie Energy Development GmbH+ThyssengasTransmission3.84 GWHyPerLink III:Gasunie

198、 Energy Development GmbHTransmission8.6 GWHyPerLink IVGasunie Energy Development GmbHTransmission10 GWHCAST EtzelGasunie Energy Development GmbH+project partners(STORAG ETZEL,GASUNIE,DEEP.KBB,DLR,HARTMANN Valves,SOCON,Clausthal University of Technology)StorageStorageGET HNowega,OGE,ThyssengasConvers

199、ion of existing infrastructure/newly built pipelineTransmission48 European Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridorsProject namePromoterProject TypeCategoryCapacity LinkH2erculesOGEConversion of existing infrastructureTransmissionXanten Vrde OberhausenThyssengasConversion of exi

200、sting infrastructure/newly built pipelineTransmissionLeverkusen KlnThyssengasConversion of existing infrastructure/new-built pipelineTransmissionEast-West ConnectionThyssengasConversion of existing infrastructure/new-built pipelineTransmissionVlieghuis OchtrupThyssengasConversion of existing infrast

201、ructureTransmission2027:600 MW 2029:800 MW2031:1,300 MWClean Hydrogen to Europe(CHE)EquinorMix of new and conversionTransmission4 mt/yH2.RuhrEON,Enel and IberdrolaDistribution80,000 t/y of green H&green ammoniaAmmonia Import Terminal BrunsbttelRWE Supply&Trading GmbHNewTerminal&port300,000 t/y of gr

202、een NHbp Wilhelmshaven Green Hydrogen HubBP Europa SEMixTerminal&port54.8 GW/h daily send-out capacityH2-20 in SchopsdorfAvacon Netz GmbHConversion of existing infrastructureDistributionHamburg Hydrogen Industry Grid(HH-WIN)Gasnetz Hamburg GmbHNewDistribution2 GWWESTKuSTE100-Teilprojekt Gruner Heize

203、nThuga AG/Stadtwerke Heide GmbHMix of new and conversionDistributionH2-SauerlandWestnetz GmbHConversion of existing infrastructureDistributionH2-Netz HanshagenE-ONNewDistributionThe table includes some of the hydrogen projects displayed on the Hydrogen Infrastructure Map,last updated on 30 March 202

204、3.European Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridors 49 8.3 SPECIFIC BOTTLENECKS Overhaul of the energy system in Germany:The German energy system is currently undergoing major changes due to the Russian war against Ukraine with Russian natural gas supplies to Germany having dec

205、lined sharply.Thus,a change of import and sup-ply routes occurred on the gas market.In addition to the diversification of fossil energy sources,the rapid conversion to climate-friendly energy sources is the focus of German and European energy policy.The ramp-up of a national and European hydrogen ma

206、rket based on a well-connected onshore and offshore hydrogen infrastructure plays a central role.As 99%of the indus-trial consumers,power plants and CHP plants and most of the decentralised hydrogen production are connected to the DSO level it is important that the conversion of the TSO and DSO go h

207、and-in-hand and are supported by politics.Many industrial end-users are in the south and south-west of Germany where the timing of the backbone might not meet their needs.Uncertainty at national level on H planning and tariff framework:Lack of clarity for many investments at the grid level regarding

208、 the future tariff design.The proposal by DENA very similar to the inter-temporal Cost allocation mechanism that has been proposed by the European Parliament in its position would allow grid operators to go ahead with their investment.Regulatory uncertainty at EU level on unbundling to delay investm

209、ents in Germany:The Hydrogen and Gas decarbonisation package proposed by the European Commission in December 2021 has added further uncertainty in the German infrastructure market due to its restrictive unbundling provisions for hydrogen.As numerous countries in Europe,Germany has very successfully

210、applied the Independent Transmission Operator(ITO)model in its gas and electricity market.The suggested phase-out by the European Commission of the ITO model in the hydrogen sector after 2030 and the immediate ownership unbundling even for one meter of hydrogen grid at the DSO sector has therefore t

211、riggered severe uncertainties and is delaying much needed final investment decisions by infrastructure operators.8.4 SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONSThe legal and regulatory conditions need to be set as quickly as possible to allow current infrastructure opera-tors to start repurposing their assets to hydro

212、gen.Set-up of an adequate overall regulatory framework,considering the German specificity of fully private-ly-owned network operators:Providing coherent rules for hydrogen network opera-tors to ensure hydrogen for public supply.Allocating risks fairly to address investors and custom-ers concerns in

213、the hydrogen scale-up phase.Ensuring the refinancing for network operators in an adequate manner and providing for cost-competitive network fees in the initial scale up phase.The proposal of the DENA for the temporal cost allocation method that has been included in the European parliaments position

214、provides could be one option.Applying pragmatic unbundling rules for the hydrogen sector.At the TSO level the ITO unbundling model has worked very successfully in Germany in the past in electricity and gas and should also be applied in the hydrogen sector.The DSO unbundling rules have been implement

215、ed very strictly by the regulator and have enabled intense competition across the country even in every smallest grids.The potential of current infrastructure operators for hydrogen can be unleashed by not imposing any legal separation obligations(horizontal unbundling).Distinction between distribut

216、ion and transmission needed.Germany has clear rules on tasks and contracts of each infrastructure level and without the separation DSO will bound by the European network codes and not anymore by the German rules.Set-up a coherent network and storage development framework at national level Introducin

217、g a legally binding integrated network development planning process for all gases(hydrogen and methane).Giving the TSOs and the SSOs the mandate to build and operate a start backbone-network for hydrogen,referred to the analysis of strategic production and demand centres within Germany without furth

218、er delay.Introducing instruments to optimise the localisation of power-to-gas facilities as well as hydrogen-fired power plants by providing an adequate incentive regime.Integration of Gas distribution Transformation Plan into the hydrogen planning.Implement the local heating and cooling plans as a

219、basis of the investment decisions in the cities and regions.50 European Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridors9 GENERAL BOTTLENECKS AND RECOMMENDATIONSDuring the discussion with the stakeholders several bottlenecks and recommendations were identified that had a horizontal cha

220、racter,influencing the development of all the respective H supply corridors identified.To provide a holistic picture,these general bottlenecks and recommendations are addressed in this dedicated chapter.9.1 GENERAL BOTTLENECKS Missing clear regulatory framework:Gas/H Decarbonisation Package to be fi

221、nalised,Missing H standards which could delay the H production development and the H infrastructure deployment,Concerns regarding proposed TPA rules for import terminals under the Gas Package proposal,Missing certification scheme for Hydrogen imports,Overcomplicated permit granting procedure,Unbundl

222、ing rules-Unbundling rules should facilitate the efficient conversion by the TSO to foster develop-ment of new and repurposed hydrogen infrastructure.Missing leadership for the purchasing of hydrogen abroad(EU level or member state level).Missing Technology openness:All types of CO neu-tral and gree

223、n hydrogen(water electrolysis,methane electrolysis/pyrolysis,SMR+CCUS etc.)will be needed for the energy transition and should be considered in production,infrastructure planning and funding.Concerns over societal acceptance for new energy carriers projects.Missing incentives for off-takers lack of

224、clear targets and financial support(funding).Missing availability of workforce.Overview of full value chain for every commercial party is difficult.Missing clear and coordinated action at EU level and national governments on infrastructure planning&development.Missing alignment at Member State level

225、 on the hydro-gen market organisation target,which risks not seeing a deep and secure liquid market emerge by 2030,and instead seeing national or even territorial H islands.There is a lack of funding opportunities and financing for infrastructure.Short-term financing capacity of pri-vate actors is n

226、ot up to the ambitions of REPowerEU by 2050.The technical elements of transporting hydrogen might be also considered as potential bottlenecks if not prop-erly addressed.European Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridors 51 9.2 GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS The development of productio

227、n,transmission and storage infrastructure must take place simultaneously.Especially large volume underground H storage helps market participants to purchase in larger volumes,more flexibly and cheaper.Here,an infrastructure develop-ment must therefore be advanced quickly.Need for clear and stable EU

228、 legislation needed for investor certainty:Need for light regime and long-term security,with easy and applicable regulation as well as possible transition period Ensure a regulatory regime for DSOs which ensures the most efficient transition of gas infrastructures with the same unbundling rules for

229、hydrogen than for the natural gas networks Simplify,shorten and accelerate planning and permit-ting procedures for the full value chain of renewable energies and hydrogen infrastructure projects to meet 2030 ambitions.Establish integrated energy system planning of hydrogen and natural gas infrastruc

230、ture,based on shared energy scenarios covering also the electricity sector Implement a robust hydrogen certification scheme for hydrogen imports operational by the end of 2023 the latest to provide clarity for exporting countries Support and facilitate the import of blending/pure hydrogen from third

231、 countries Simultaneous planning and implementation of H storages along the H import corridors.H storages will be needed to enhance SoS by providing seasonal balancing as well as more short-term flexibility services.Both in the transition period and in a fully CO-neutral world,there will be a need f

232、or both H production and H customer storages.Leadership required for the purchasing of hydrogen abroad(EU level or member state level),specifically need for EU to aggregate offtake and enter into bilateral agreements with third countries Unlock EU and national financing:To fast-track hydrogen infras

233、tructure corridors deployment(e.g.ring-fencing specific funds for H corridors in EU funding programmes;aligning IPCEI process with the H corridors,etc.)Need for early financing which gives the possibility to design the necessary network in the right size from the beginning,not based on current produ

234、ction/needs but what we foresee in 2030,2040 and 2050 Intensify energy partnerships with exporting coun-tries providing financing support to reduce the cost of capital in export countries,need for public-private&private-private partnerships on concrete projects Give space for innovation and competit

235、ion for market players(avoid overregulation)Societal acceptance for new energy carriers is key.(EU and in export countries)Incentives for off-takers with technology open approach Different options and technologies to import and ex-change hydrogen and derivatives Insert specific references of GO impo

236、rtance for H development,including blending,and the key role of a GO framework harmonised across Member States as well as their key partners in the identified corridors(North Africa,Ukraine,non-EU Northern countries such as UK and Norway).52 European Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Sup

237、ply corridors10 CONCLUSIONThis Learnbook has attempted to bring some concreteness,specificity,and tangibility to the conceptual framework of hydrogen corridors outlined by the European Commission in its REPowerEU Action Plan.The final product represents the combined efforts of all those involved in

238、the Roundtable,with the project data being provided by the Members of the Roundtable,and the co-chairs and facilitating organisation having synthesised it into a useable amalgamated form.It is clear from the data presented herein that there is a significant established and growing momentum for deliv

239、ering on the European Commissions vision for the transmission,distribution and storage of hydrogen within the EU and the wider neighbourhood regions.Most projects presented in the document are quite ma-ture,with a relatively well elaborated set of corridors to be commissioned already before 2030.Thi

240、s is very positive news for the sector,and the signals of intent and willingness are clear.Nevertheless,the data and input collection process for this Learnbook also clarified structural issues with the buildout of the corridors that are fundamentally at odds with the scale and timeline envisaged.Th

241、e Learnbook delineates specific barriers corresponding to given corridors,but the most consistently voiced concerns pertained to three cross-cutting issues.(i)Prolonged regulatory uncertainty and complexity,(ii)financing limitations and complexity relative to global competitors,and(iii)administrativ

242、e timelines that are incompatible with strategic timelines.Overcoming these sticking points is key to creating the critical mass required to realise the ambitions of an initiative of this nature.Individual corridors have inherent regional and national nuances associated with their physical geography

243、,but the international collaboration of parties required to deliver pan-European network infrastructure has invariably encouraged promoters to call for a pan-European harmonisation of the approach to governance and support.This is needed as pertains to funds and regulation that have a pan-European o

244、r cross-border scope(e.g.IPCEI or interoperability issues),but there are also consistent calls to leverage cooperation for strategic ends,for example joint purchasing or the signature of partnerships with third countries.The Transmission and Distribution Roundtable has proven a valuable base for col

245、laboration amongst actors involved in the build out of value chains for connecting renewable and low-carbon hydrogen production with demand centres.Hopefully the Learnbook can be a useful evolving reference point for the realisation of Europes hydrogen corridors moving forward,a crucial precursor to

246、 a European hydrogen economy.ABBREVIATIONSBE BelgiumCBA Cost Benefit Analysis CBCA Cross Border Cost AllocationCEDEC European Federation of Local and Regional Energy CompaniesCEF Connecting Europe FacilityCHP Combined heat and powerCH MethyleneCO Carbon DioxideDE GermanyDENA German Energy AgencyDG G

247、ROW The Directorate General for Internal Market,Industry,Entrepreneurship and SMEs DZ AlgeriaDSO Distribution System OperatorECH2A The European Clean Hydrogen Alliance EHB European Hydrogen BackboneES SpainFR FranceGD4S Gas Distributors for SustainabilityGIE Gas Infrastructure EuropeGWh Gigawatt hou

248、rsGWh/d Gigawatt hours per dayGWh/y Gigawatt hours per yearGO Guarantee of OriginH HydrogenHVV Higher Heating ValueIPCEI Important Projects of Common European Interest ITO Independent Transmission OperatorL-Gas Low calorific gasH-Gas High calorific gasLH Liquid HydrogenLNG Liquified Natural GasMO Mo

249、roccoMoU Memorandum of UnderstandingMt MegatonneMt/y Megatonne per yearMTPA H Million Tonnes per annumMW Megawatt NGO Non-governmental organisationNH AmmoniaNL The NetherlandsOGE Open Grid EuropePCI Projects of Common InterestPT PortugalR&I Research&InnovationRES Renewable Energy Sources SMR/ATR Ste

250、am methane reforming/Autothermal Reformingt/d Tonnes per dayt/y Tonnes per yearTWh Terawatt-hourTWh/y Terawatt-hours per yearTPA Third Party Access TSO Transmission System OperatorTYNDP Ten-Year Network Development PlanEuropean Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridors 53 54 Eur

251、opean Clean Hydrogen Alliance Learnbook on Hydrogen Supply corridorsIMPRINTPUBLISHER European Clean Hydrogen Alliance Roundtable for Hydrogen Transmission and DistributionSUPPORTED by the European Commission Directorate-General for Internal Market,Industry,Entrepreneurship and SMEsDESIGN DreiDreizehn GmbH,Berlin www.313.dePICTURESiSH