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1、WORKING PAPERGPTs are GPTs:An Early Look at the Labor Market ImpactPotential of Large Language ModelsTyna Eloundou1,Sam Manning1,2,Pamela Mishkin1,and Daniel Rock31OpenAI2OpenResearch3University of PennsylvaniaMarch 27,2023AbstractWe investigate the potential implications of large language models(LL

2、Ms),such as Generative Pre-trained Transformers(GPTs),on the U.S.labor market,focusing on the increased capabilities arising fromLLM-powered software compared to LLMs on their own.Using a new rubric,we assess occupations basedon their alignment with LLM capabilities,integrating both human expertise

3、and GPT-4 classifications.Our findings reveal that around 80%of the U.S.workforce could have at least 10%of their work tasksaffected by the introduction of LLMs,while approximately 19%of workers may see at least 50%of theirtasks impacted.We do not make predictions about the development or adoption t

4、imeline of such LLMs.The projected effects span all wage levels,with higher-income jobs potentially facing greater exposure toLLM capabilities and LLM-powered software.Significantly,these impacts are not restricted to industrieswith higher recent productivity growth.Our analysis suggests that,with a

5、ccess to an LLM,about 15%of all worker tasks in the US could be completed significantly faster at the same level of quality.Whenincorporating software and tooling built on top of LLMs,this share increases to between 47 and 56%of all tasks.This finding implies that LLM-powered software will have a su

6、bstantial effect on scalingthe economic impacts of the underlying models.We conclude that LLMs such as GPTs exhibit traits ofgeneral-purpose technologies,indicating that they could have considerable economic,social,and policyimplications.1IntroductionAs shown in Figure 1,recent years,months,and week