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1、BRICS in Global Governance:New Role and New ModelGlobal Development and Governance Series Report当 代 中 国 与 世 界 研 究 院Academy of Contemporary China and World StudiesCONTENTSThe BRICS Spirit:Upholding New Ideas of Global Governance1.Building an Open World Economy Together in the Spirit of Openness 22.Pr

2、omoting Democracy in International Relations Together in the Spirit of Inclusiveness 43.Improving the Global Governance System Together in the Spirit of Cooperation 64.Sharing Development Opportunities and Achievements in the Spirit of Win-win 8Governance Mechanisms:Forging New Models of Global Gove

3、rnance1.The Steering Role of the Summit Mechanism 122.All-round Cooperation Mechanisms 143.Multilateral Financial Institutions 164.Open Cooperation Model 19Preface/IBRICS in Global Governance:New Role and New ModelIntroduction to ACCWS/50Governance Actions:Injecting New Impetus into Global Governanc

4、e1.Safeguarding Global Peace and Stability 242.Promoting Global Economic and Trade Cooperation 283.Contributing to Global Sustainable Development 334.Advocating Global Cultural and People-to-People Exchanges 36Prospects of BRICS:Seizing New Opportunities for Global Governance1.Seizing New Opportunit

5、ies from Industrialization to Steer Global Development Governance 422.Seizing the New Opportunities from Membership Enlargement to Build an Open Governance Platform 453.Seizing New Opportunities from Profound Global Changes to Reform and Improve the Global Governance System 47IPREFACEToday,our world

6、,our times,and our history are changing in ways that are unprecedented.Major changes,regional conflicts,and the trend of de-globalization have intermingled with each other.Deficits in peace,development,security,and governance are growing.All of these pose unprecedented challenges to human society.Th

7、e latest research report of the United Nations(UN)shows that the Human Development Index(HDI)has declined continuously for the first time ever over the past 30 years.It is estimated that 75-95 million additional people could be living in absolute poverty in 2022,and the target year for the worlds le

8、ast developed countries and regions to achieve Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)might be 10 years later than scheduled.The world once again stands at a crossroads in history.At this crucial moment,people around the globe long for peace and development more than ever before.Their cries for equality

9、 and justice are growing louder,and they are more determined to pursue win-win cooperation.Facing this complicated and severe international situation BRICS in Global Governance:New Role and New ModelIIas well as uncertainties in the global economy,people of all countries aspire to build a more just

10、and rational global governance system.As a new type of global governance model,the BRICS cooperation mechanism has received significant attention and widespread approval from the international community.In his remarks at the 14th BRICS Summit in June 2022,Chinese President Xi Jinping pointed out tha

11、t as representatives of emerging markets and developing countries,BRICS countries must make the right decisions and take responsible actions at this critical juncture in history,and he called for a more comprehensive,close,practical and inclusive high-quality partnership so as to jointly embark on a

12、 new journey of BRICS cooperation.Since the establishment of the BRICS mechanism in 2006,in accordance with the BRICS spirit of openness,inclusiveness and win-win cooperation,the BRICS countries have been committed to coordinating major policies,addressing risks and challenges,and pursuing shared de

13、velopment and prosperity.As a result,their overall strength and global governance capacity have seen marked progress.At present,the BRICS mechanism has evolved into an important platform for emerging economies and developing countries to deepen international cooperation and participate in global gov

14、ernance.It has played an essential role in empowering emerging economies and developing countries by strengthening their representation and voice in global governance.Given that the current global governance system has long been dominated by Western developed countries,it is difficult for developing

15、 countries and emerging economies to have a say commensurate with their strengths and responsibilities.For this reason,cross-regional cooperation among the BRICS countries has played a crucial role in global governance since the mechanism was established.At the same time,the uniqueness of the BRICS

16、membership endows the BRICS mechanism with a special role different from that of developed countries in the global governance process.The BRICS countries are the promoters of new concepts of global governance.They pursue partnerships instead of alliances,uphold mutual respect and common progress,and

17、 seek shared benefits and win-win cooperation.The BRICS spirit PrefaceIIIBRICS in Global Governance:New Role and New ModelIVprovides new ideas for countries around the world to handle international relations,carry out international cooperation,and participate in global governance.Guided by the BRICS

18、 spirit,the BRICS countries play an active role in international cooperation and global governance and constantly expand their“circle of friends”through promoting openness,inclusiveness and win-win cooperation.The influence of BRICS countries on global governance has grown considerably.The BRICS cou

19、ntries are the pacesetters of new models of global governance.After years of exploration and practice,the BRICS mechanism has gradually developed into a constructive force under the guidance of its summits,featuring expansion of cooperation in various fields,improvement of multilateral financial ins

20、titutions,and steady expansion process,contributing BRICS solutions to the reform of the global governance system.The BRICS countries are the providers of new momentum in global governance.Pragmatic cooperation in various fields is the most distinguished feature of the BRICS mechanism.Over the past

21、17 years,the BRICS countries have carried out fruitful cooperation and made practical achievements in areas such Vas politics,security,economics,trade,finance,sustainable development,and cultural exchanges.They are defenders of global peace and stability,promoters of economic and trade cooperation,c

22、ontributors to sustainable development,and advocates for cultural exchanges,and as a result,they have made tremendous contributions to global development.The new concepts,new models and new momentum define the BRICS countries new role in global governance.These features make the BRICS mechanism a ke

23、y force for improving global governance in the new era.Looking to the future,the BRICS countries will seize the opportunities brought about by the new industrial revolution,continuously enhance innovative cooperation models,further strengthen collaboration and cooperation with other emerging economi

24、es and developing countries,and make global governance more just and rational.By doing so,the BRICS countries will contribute greatly to international cooperation and global governance.PrefaceThe BRICS Spirit:Upholding New Ideas of Global GovernanceIn his speech at the 6th BRICS Summit in Fortaleza,

25、Brazil on July 15,2014,Chinese President Xi Jinping called on the BRICS countries to carry forward the spirit of openness,inclusiveness and win-win cooperation,and develop a closer,more comprehensive and more solid partnerships,so that they can provide new ideas for fostering a new type of internati

26、onal relations and improving the global governance system.2The BRICS Spirit:Upholding New Ideas of Global GovernanceBuilding an Open World Economy Together in the Spirit of OpennessIn recent years,a few major countries have adhered to the concepts of isolationism and protectionism and implemented va

27、rious deglobalization policies in favor of their own interests in fields such as economics,trade,finance,and science and technology.These policies have impeded normal economic and trade interactions and pushed the global economy down to a path of fragmentation and localization.Human history shows th

28、at openness leads to progress while isolation leaves one behind.A countrys long-term economic development is mainly attributed to various factors conducive to increases in productivity such as technological advancements,the accumulation of human resources,and institutional innovation.All these facto

29、rs are closely related to the degree of openness.In the years to come,human society should promote economic prosperity,institutional improvements and cultural progress with greater openness.At the same time,economic globalization should be advanced at an even higher level to bring more benefits to p

30、eople of all countries.1.3BRICS in Global Governance:New Role and New ModelThe economic rise of the BRICS countries relies on not only an open international environment but also their foreign policies for openness.Since the inception of the BRICS mechanism,the BRICS countries have upheld the spirit

31、of openness,achieved new breakthroughs in scientific and technological innovation,and seen marked improvements in talent competitiveness.In addition,they have implemented a series of policies and measures for adapting to economic globalization,which has enabled them to realize rapid long-term econom

32、ic growth and continued rise of their status in the world economy.The BRICS countries leverage their respective comparative advantages to expand economic cooperation,participate deeply in the international division of labor,foster a big global market,and improve global value chains.By doing so,they

33、have offered the BRICS solution for building an open global economy.The BRICS countries practices of openness and cooperation chart a course for emerging economies and developing countries to achieve economic prosperity.4The BRICS Spirit:Upholding New Ideas of Global GovernancePromoting Democracy in

34、 International Relations Together in the Spirit of InclusivenessOver the past few decades,the overall strength of emerging economies and developing countries has increased significantly,but their say on major global affairs is not commensurate with their economic status.This is largely due to the un

35、democratic,unfair,and irrational system of international relations that has existed for a long time.In fact,the diversity of civilizations is an essential feature of human society.The spirit of inclusiveness calls for mutual understanding between different social systems,mutual learning between diff

36、erent cultures,and mutual benefits between different development models.Such spirit is an esstential prerequisite for building a new international political and economic order that is fairer and more rational.Exchanges and mutual learning between civilizations form a bond for the maintenance of worl

37、d peace,a bridge promoting friendship between peoples around the world,an engine driving the progress of human society,and an ideological foundation for reforming and improving global governance.2.5BRICS in Global Governance:New Role and New ModelAs important members of the international community,t

38、he BRICS countries actively promote exchanges and mutual learning between civilizations,and firmly advocate and implement democracy in international relations.They oppose cultural colonization and exporting their cultures,and never seek to change other countries political systems and development mod

39、els.Instead,they call on all countries to respect and learn from each other and follow a path of civilized development that meets their respective national conditions and peoples needs.The BRICS countries promote and practice true multilateralism and hold the position that international affairs shou

40、ld be addressed through extensive consultation.They are active contributors and builders of the global governance system.The BRICS countries support developing countries in their efforts to reform and improve the global governance system,and advocate that global governance should reflect the common

41、aspirations and shared interests of people of various countries and meet the demands of human progress.All of these set a good example for the international community.6The BRICS Spirit:Upholding New Ideas of Global Governance3.Improving the Global Governance System Together in the Spirit of Cooperat

42、ionThe international landscape keeps evolving in profound ways,and the world is entering a period of turbulence and transformation.New problems,conflicts and challenges that threaten world peace,development and security have emerged one after another,and global governance faces a more complicated an

43、d severe international environment.It is imperative for countries around the world to strengthen cooperation and address these difficulties together.As a guiding principle,the spirit of cooperation is conducive to relieving the deficit of global trust and pushing different countries to increase poli

44、tical mutual trust through policy communication and consultation.The spirit of cooperation also guides countries in deepening economic cooperation and forming common values for extensive collaboration in energy,telecommunications,investment,finance and other areas,so as to reach a new consensus on c

45、ooperation.7BRICS in Global Governance:New Role and New ModelThe BRICS countries conform to the trend of economic globalization and global governance,promote friendly exchanges in the spirit of cooperation,and work together to build a community of shared interests,responsibilities and a future that

46、rejects the Cold War mentality.The five countries differ from each other in terms of natural resources and complement each other in terms of industrial capacities.Each has distinctive economic advantages and features.With the deepening of BRICS cooperation,their mutual economic dependence has consta

47、ntly increased,forming industrial networks and interconnected global supply chains.Against the backdrop of economic globalization,the advantages of the BRICS countries in the international division of labor are usually demonstrated in a certain area.This means that only by deepening cooperation can

48、the BRICS countries safeguard supply chains and industrial chains.Extensive interactions among the BRICS countries facilitate the spread of the spirit of cooperation in the international community and inject new impetus into the reforming of the global governance system.8The BRICS Spirit:Upholding N

49、ew Ideas of Global Governance4.Sharing Development Opportunities and Achievements in the Spirit of Win-winAs a consequence of globalization,countries around the world are highly interdependent and are mutual stakeholders in a global society.In recent years,however,the“law of the jungle”and zero-sum

50、thinking have become rampant.This not only raises suspicions about cooperation and openness in some countries,but also shakes the foundations of mutual trust that bolster harmony in human society.In a world with lurking crises and sluggish recovery,no country or region can survive alone.Global gover

51、nance calls for the extensive participation of all countries,which pursue inclusive,balanced development worldwide instead of the development of only a few countries.The spirit of win-win means accommodating the interests and concerns of all parties involved,reflecting their respective judgments and

52、 positions,strengthening coordination and cooperation between different countries,seeking the convergence of interests,and expanding common ground for cooperation,so as to achieve equality,mutual benefit and common development for all countries.Confronting global problems and challenges,the BRICS co

53、untries 9BRICS in Global Governance:New Role and New Modelhave always upheld the spirit of win-win and integrated the interests of their own people with those of peoples around the world,taking other countries interests into account while pursuing their own.Through seeking development that benefits

54、both themselves and the world,the BRICS countries engage in win-win cooperation and favorable interaction.The experience of BRICS cooperation shows that the international community needs to reform and improve the current international rules and build more effective systems to ensure all countries an

55、d their peoples achieve a sense of progress,happiness and security.Only through realizing benefit for all can countries around the world create lasting momentum for sustainable progress in global governance.In a word,the BRICS spirit provides new ideas for countries to handle international relations

56、,carry out international cooperation,and participate in global governance.Just as Chinese President Xi Jinping pointed out,the BRICS mechanism transcends the old patterns of political and military alliances and pursues partnerships rather than alliances;it goes beyond the old ways of thinking based

57、on ideological groupings and provides new opportunities for mutual respect and common progress;it also surpasses the old mindset of zero-sum thinking and practices a new model of mutual benefit and win-win cooperation.All of these are conducive to creating a fairer and more rational international or

58、der.Governance Mechanisms:Forging New Models of Global GovernanceThe BRICS cooperation mechanism integrates the steering role of high-level summits with the sustaining role of all-round cooperation,and the executive powers of multilateral institutions with open cooperation model.The result is the cr

59、eation of a new governance model that can address various kinds of global problems.The establishment,development and improvement of the BRICS mechanism is an innovative practice of global governance,providing great inspiration for reforming and improving the global governance system.1212Governance M

60、echanisms:Forging New Models of Global GovernanceThe Steering Role of the Summit MechanismIn June 2009,the leaders of the BRIC countries namely Brazil,Russia,India and China held their first summit in Yekaterinburg,Russia,and published the Joint Statement of the BRIC Countries Leaders.The successful

61、 convening of the first BRICs summit signified that BRICs cooperation had officially become high-level international cooperation.In 2011,South Africa first appeared at the summit,not only expanding BRICs into BRICS but also injecting new momentum into BRICS cooperation.Up to now,the BRICS countries

62、have held 14 summits,in which Brazil,Russia,India and China have each held the presidency three times.In 2023,South Africa will hold the presidency for the third time.At the summits,the leaders of the BRICS countries have worked together to formulate development plans and a series of specific measur

63、es for strengthening pragmatic cooperation,coordinating positions and building consensus on major global and regional matters.By doing so,they have raised the profile of the BRICS countries.Since 2011,the leaders of the BRICS countries have also held informal meetings during G20 summits to strengthe

64、n policy coordination on global 1.13BRICS in Global Governance:New Role and New Model13governance and discuss solutions to global issues and challenges together,with a view to further increasing the international influence of the BRICS mechanism.Against the backdrop of the challenges present in the

65、international political and economic landscape,the BRICS mechanism demonstrates resilience and vitality,guaranteeing closer and more pragmatic cooperation among the BRICS countries.On June 23,2022,the 14th BRICS Summit was held with the theme of“Foster High-quality BRICS Partnership,Usher in a New E

66、ra of Global Development”.Participants discussed how the BRICS countries,as emerging economies and developing countries,should continue improving peoples lives.The summit also promoted world peace and development amid the combined impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and major global changes.Marcos Lima

67、,director of the Institute of Asian Studies at the Federal University of Pernambuco in Brazil,believes that this years BRICS Summit is of great significance.According to Lima,since its inception,the BRICS cooperation mechanism has practiced true multilateralism and promoted common development throug

68、h concrete actions.1 David Monyae,director of the Centre for Africa-China Studies 1“ThisyearsBRICSsummitisofgreatsignificanceAnexclusiveinterviewofProfessorMarcosLimafromBrazilsFederalUniversityofPernambuco,”XinhuaNewsAgency,June8,2022.http:/ Mechanisms:Forging New Models of Global Governance2.at th

69、e University of Johannesburg in South Africa,stated that the summit pushed global political,economic and financial architectures to better meet the development needs of the Global South,so as to bring progress and prosperity to South-South Cooperation member states.1All-round Cooperation MechanismsB

70、RICS cooperation started with diplomacy.In September 2006,the foreign ministers of Brazil,Russia,India and China held their first meeting during the session of the UN General Assembly,with subsequent meetings held on a yearly basis.In May 2008,the foreign ministers of the four countries held their f

71、irst meeting outside the framework of the UN General Assembly,and issued a joint statement.In September 2011,after the expansion of the organizations membership,the first BRICS Foreign Ministers Meeting was held in New York to exchange views and opinions on important global issues.The establishment

72、of the BRICS Foreign Minsters Meeting mechanism has strengthened pragmatic cooperation 1 “ForeignmediafocusonBRICSsummit:Animportantmeetingattherighttime”,C,June26,2022.http:/ in Global Governance:New Role and New Model15and international coordination between the BRICS countries,laying a strong foun

73、dation for their comprehensive cooperation in various fields.In addition to the Meeting of Ministers of Foreign Affairs,the BRICS countries have gradually expanded institutional cooperation in various areas within the overall framework of the BRICS summits.They have established multiple cooperation

74、mechanisms including the Meeting of the BRICS High Representatives for Security Issues,Ministers Meetings,Sherpas Meeting,and irregular dialogues of permanent representatives to multilateral institutions.During the BRICS summits,the BRICS countries have also held various activities such as forums fo

75、r entrepreneurs,meetings of the BRICS Bank Consortium,forums for cooperative associations,financial forums,business forums,and think tank forums,building multi-dimensional and multi-level platforms to strengthen exchanges and cooperation in various fields.In 2022,the year China assumes the BRICS rot

76、ating presidency,more than 160 meetings and activities have been organized,covering areas such as finance,public health,climate change,environmental protection,industry,culture,aerospace,education,customs,agriculture,economic and trade cooperation,sustainable development,telecommunications,anti-corr

77、uption,labor and employment,youth,intellectual property,tourism,energy,disaster management,anti-monopoly,technological innovation,sports,and the Contingent Reserve Arrangement(CRA).Bikash Kali Das,1616Governance Mechanisms:Forging New Models of Global Governance3.Secretary-general of the Pondicherry

78、 India-China Friendship Association,noted that pragmatic cooperation is the endogenous impetus for the BRICS mechanism.According to Das,through deepening mutually beneficial cooperation in various fields,the BRICS countries set a good example for the practice of true multilateralism.China hosted the

79、 BRICS Summit this year,opening a new chapter for BRICS cooperation and injecting greater vitality into global development.1Multilateral Financial InstitutionsThe creation of the New Development Bank(NDB)marked a significant achievement in the reform and improvement of the global governance system.A

80、s an international financial platform offering mid-and long-term development financing for emerging economies,the NDB has promoted the economic development of the BRICS countries,other emerging economies and developing countries,and the world at large.From vision to reality,the fast formation of the

81、 NDB mirrored the BRICS speed of global governance.1 “ContributingBRICSforcetoglobaldevelopmentcooperation”,Peoples Daily,July6,2022,p.17.17BRICS in Global Governance:New Role and New Model17It took about three years for the BRICS countries to establish this new cross-regional,multilateral developme

82、nt financial institution,from March 2012 when the leaders of the five countries met to discuss the possibility of building the NDB to July 2015 when the bank opening was announced.Unlike previous multilateral development banks,the NDB adopts an equal shareholding structure;in other words,a model of

83、equal rights.That means the five founding members of the NDB have an equal say in relevant affairs,and none enjoys veto power.Leslie Maasdorp,Vice President of the NDB,noted that the NDB is based on equal participation,manifesting a new form of governance for international institutions.1 In addition

84、,as a supplement to the existing international monetary and financial systems,the BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement(CRA)also features a unique governance model.The CRA Treaty stipulates the individual commitments and voting power of the member countries.The CRA has no fixed centralized office loc

85、ation,and funds are deposited in the member countries central banks.Through the coordination of the member countries central banks,the CRA has gradually enhanced the framework coordination of the International Monetary Fund(IMF).1 “NDBVicePresidentLeslieMaasdorpgivesinterviewtoPhoenixTV”,May31,2021.

86、https:/ Mechanisms:Forging New Models of Global GovernanceThe NDB,as a cross-regional financial institution focusing on development financing,not only provides support for the BRICS countries and other developing nations,but also serves as a bridge linking developing and developed countries.Since it

87、s establishment,the NDB has been open to all members of the UN and is committed to building a global development bank.In 2021,the NDB welcomed Bangladesh,Egypt,Uruguay,and the United Arab Emirates(UAE)as its new members.Currently,the bank is gradually and steadily enlarging its membership in a manne

88、r that balances geographic representation.Until now,the NDB had nine members and approved loans of around US$32 billion for more than 90 projects.It has been rated“AA+”by international rating agencies and has played a positive role in boosting the development of member countries in areas such as urb

89、an construction,water resources,public health,public infrastructure,and digital infrastructure.In the future,the NDB will carry out financing cooperation with other multilateral development banks and further improve its institutions,standards and credit rating.According to its president Marcos Troyj

90、o,the NDB is not only an important launch vehicle for global development,but also an effective supplement to existing multilateral organizations and mechanisms.11“MarcosTroyjo:CloseCooperationCrucialtoNDBsContributiontoGlobalization”,CRIOnline,July20,2022.https:/ in Global Governance:New Role and Ne

91、w Model194.Open Cooperation ModelPractice shows that the BRICS mechanism provides a continuously expanding open platform for international cooperation,which is in sharp contrast with some“blocs”or“small cliques”that push global governance toward divergence and confrontation.Since establishment,the B

92、RICS membership and“circle of partners”have continued to expand and pool the robust momentum of emerging economies and developing countries.With these partnerships promoting international cooperation and participating in global governance,mutual benefit and win-win cooperation of all parties can be

93、achieved to the fullest extent.In 2011,the mechanism saw the first enlargement of its membership with the official inclusion of South Africa,a major economy on the African continent.The admission of South Africa not only changed the groups name from BRICs to BRICS,and but also made BRICS an importan

94、t mechanism for South-South cooperation linking European,Asian,African and Latin American countries.The 14th BRICS Summit Beijing Declaration released in June 2022 clearly expressed support for promoting discussions among BRICS members on the BRICS expansion process.The Declaration 2020Governance Me

95、chanisms:Forging New Models of Global Governancestressed the need to clarify the guiding principles,standards,criteria and procedures for this expansion process through appropriate coordination channels on the basis of full consultation and consensus.This indicates that the BRICS countries have laun

96、ched a new round of expansion,and will make forward-looking institutional arrangements for growth in the mechanisms membership.It is noteworthy that the NDB admitted four new members in 2021,which have provided successful experiences for BRICS expansion.Dmitry Razumovsky,director of the Institute fo

97、r Latin American Studies at the Russian Academy of Sciences,noted that membership expansion and the more flexible“BRICS Plus”cooperation model will inject new vitality into multilateral cooperation under the BRICS mechanism.1Since the 2013 BRICS Summit in Durban,South Africa,the BRICS countries have

98、 strengthened their communication and connections with other emerging economies and developing countries as well as established and improved mechanisms for open dialogue.In 2017,the BRICS Summit in Xiamen officially put forward the“BRICS Plus”cooperation model,with an aim to further dialogue and coo

99、peration with other countries on a flexible and equal basis.During the Xiamen summit,leaders of the BRICS countries 1 “RussianExpert:BRICSPlusmodeladvancesformationofmulti-polarinternationalorder”,P,June24,2022,http:/ in Global Governance:New Role and New Model21attended the Dialogue of Emerging Mar

100、kets and Developing Countries alongside the leaders of Egypt,Guinea,Mexico,Tajikistan,and Thailand,at which they reached important consensus on international development and South-South cooperation.During the 14th BRICS Summit in 2022,leaders of the BRICS countries attended the High-level Dialogue o

101、n Global Development,together with leaders of 13 countries including Algeria,Argentina,Egypt,Indonesia,and Iran,expanding“BRICS Plus”cooperation to more emerging economies and developing countries.Jorge Malena,Director of the CARI Asian Affairs Committee,noted that the“BRICS Plus”model provides a ne

102、w platform for South-South cooperation,creates a new channel for emerging economies and developing countries to obtain the resources needed for their development,and robustly promotes democracy in global governance.1In summary,the BRICS mechanism takes the form of a multi-layered structure under the

103、 aegis of the summit,featuring practical cooperation in dozens of areas such as trade,economy and finance,reflecting the characteristics of progressive development,flexible decision-making and focus on effect.As a whole,the BRICS mechanism is flexible but not lax,1 “BRICSPluscooperationmodelconduciv

104、etostrengtheningSouth-SouthcooperationAninterviewwithCARIAsianAffairsCommitteeDirectorMalena”,XinhuaNewsAgency,June26,2022.http:/ Mechanisms:Forging New Models of Global Governancewith a high degree of institutionalization in some specific fields.This enables it to meet the needs of cooperation and

105、development for all countries involved.As the world today faces worsening deficits in the global governance system,BRICS cooperation represents a major innovation in global governance and provides useful experiences for the coordinated development of the global governance system.Governance Actions:I

106、njecting New Impetus into Global GovernancePragmatic cooperation in various fields is the foundation for the steady development of the BRICS mechanism,as well as the mechanisms key feature.Over the past 17 years,the BRICS countries have adhered to the goals of creating a big market for trade and inv

107、estment,promoting the smooth flow of currencies and finance,improving the connectivity of infrastructure,and building close bonds between peoples.In pursuit of these goals,they have constantly deepened cooperation in various fields including economy,trade,currency,finance,security,public health,and

108、sustainable development.The BRICS mechanism has injected new impetus into global governance with practical actions and pragmatic achievements.2424Governance Actions:Injecting New Impetus into Global Governance1.Safeguarding Global Peace and StabilityLeveraging mechanisms such as the Meeting of BRICS

109、 Ministers of Foreign Affairs,Meeting of BRICS High Representatives for Security Issues,meetings among permanent representatives to multilateral institutions,and Ministers Meetings in various sectors,the BRICS countries have coordinated their positions on a series of important international and regi

110、onal issues.They have acted to safeguard world peace and security,and have made their voices heard in the global arena.In terms of the reform of multilateral systems,the BRICS countries are committed to instilling new life into discussions on reform of the UN Security Council,enhancing the functions

111、 and authority of the UN General Assembly and strengthening the UN Economic and Social Council to make them more representative,effective and efficient.They have also worked to strengthen the voices of developing countries in relation to global challenges.China and Russia have reiterated time and ag

112、ain that they value greatly the status and role of Brazil,India and South Africa in international affairs,and support their willingness to play a greater role in the UN.In June 2021,the foreign ministers of the BRICS countries adopted the BRICS Joint Statement on 25BRICS in Global Governance:New Rol

113、e and New Model25Strengthening and Reforming the Multilateral System,which put forward the BRICS solution to advancing the reform of the multilateral system.In relation to recent international concerns,the BRICS countries suggest respecting the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries

114、and seeking peaceful resolution of differences and disputes between countries through dialogue and consultation.They support all efforts conducive to the peaceful settlement of crises.They have coordinated their positions and upheld the principle of non-interference in other countries internal affai

115、rs on issues such as the Ukraine crisis,the Korean Peninsula issue,the situation in the Middle East,the Afghan issue,and the Myanmar crisis.The BRICS countries have reaffirmed that all conflicts must be resolved through peaceful means and through political and diplomatic efforts in line with interna

116、tional law and the UN Charter.They have committed to providing humanitarian assistance in accordance with the basic principles of humanitarianism,neutrality and impartiality.In relation to counter-terrorism,the 2020 BRICS Summit formally adopted the BRICS Counter-Terrorism Strategy.The BRICS Counter

117、-Terrorism Action Plan was then adopted at the subsequent Meeting of BRICS High Representatives for Security Issues as a follow-up measure.As the implementation mechanism for the Action Plan,the BRICS Counter-Terrorism Working Group Meeting as well as its five sub-groups consecutively 2626Governance

118、 Actions:Injecting New Impetus into Global Governanceorganized seminars on such themes as“The Misuse of the Internet for Terrorist Purposes&the Role of Digital Forensics in Terrorist Investigations”,“Digital Forensics for BRICS Countries”,and“Targeted Financial Sanctions Related to Terrorism and Ter

119、rorist Financing”.These seminars aimed to advance BRICS cooperation in the fight against chemical,biological,information and other forms of terrorism.In terms of cyber security,the BRICS countries have upheld the principle of placing an equal emphasis on development and security.They have also adopt

120、ed a comprehensive and balanced approach to promoting the advancement of information and communications technologies(ICTs),accelerating economic development,safeguarding national security and public interests,and respecting the right to privacy of individuals.They have underscored the leading role o

121、f the UN in promoting constructive dialogues on the safe use of ICTs and have pushed for the development of a global legal framework under the UN Open-Ended Working Group 2021-2025.Through the implementation of the BRICS Roadmap of Practical Cooperation on Ensuring Security in the Use of ICTs and th

122、e activities of the BRICS Working Group on Security in the Use of ICTs,the BRICS countries seek to reach an intergovernmental agreement on ensuring security in the use of ICTs and bilateral agreements among BRICS countries.27BRICS in Global Governance:New Role and New Model27In relation to multilate

123、ral responses to the COVID-19 pandemic,the BRICS countries have supported the leading role of the World Health Organization(WHO)in combating the pandemic.They have also proposed the establishment of a BRICS Integrated Early Warning System for preventing risks associated with mass infectious diseases

124、 in accordance with the International Health Regulations(2005)and the WHOs Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network.Under initiatives such as the COVAX and the Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator(ACT-A),the BRICS countries have provided more than a billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines via grants an

125、d donations.They launched the BRICS Vaccine R&D Center and proposed an initiative to strengthen vaccine cooperation to jointly build a defensive line against the pandemic.The BRICS countries have supported the efforts of the World Trade Organization(WTO)in promoting relevant IP waivers,and helped de

126、veloping countries strengthen their capacity to build and produce local vaccines and other health tools.They have also made contributions to preventing and reducing the risks of cross-border transmission of infectious diseases and improving global health governance.2828Governance Actions:Injecting N

127、ew Impetus into Global Governance2.Promoting Global Economic and Trade CooperationLeveraging mutually complementary differences in natural resources and industrial structures,the BRICS countries have constantly strengthened cooperation in areas such as international trade,outbound investment,and cur

128、rency and finance.They have played an active role in global trade growth,economic governance,and other aspects.In terms of international trade,the BRICS countries have established closer trade ties,and become each others major trading partners.Data from the IMF showed that from 2005 to 2021,the rati

129、o of trade with other BRICS countries to their overall trade in goods all grew sharply among BRICS members,with Brazils increasing from 10.3%to 31.2%,Russias from 7.9%to 20.8%,Indias from 10.3%to 15.6%,China from 4.9%to 8.1%,and South Africas from 10%to 21.3%(Fig.1).In 2021,China was the largest goo

130、ds trading partner,export destination and source of imports of Brazil,Russia,and South Africa,as well as Indias largest source of imports,second-largest goods trading partner,and third-largest export destination.India was Brazils fifth-largest goods trading partner and South Africas sixth-29BRICS in

131、 Global Governance:New Role and New Model29Fig.1 Ratio of trade with other BRICS countries to their overall trade in goods 2005-2021(%)Source:IMF,DOT Database,August 2022.35.030.025.020.015.010.05.00.02005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021Brazil Russia I

132、ndia China SouthAfricalargest goods trading partner.Brazil and Russia were Chinas eighth-largest and ninth-largest goods trading partners,respectively.At the same time,the BRICS countries total volume of foreign trade experienced exponential growth from 2005 to 2021,increasing by 2.82 times overall.

133、Brazil experienced an increase of 1.66 times,Russia an increase of 1.15 times,India an increase of 3.04 times,China an increase of 3.67 times,and South Africa an increase of 0.72 times(Fig.2).3030Governance Actions:Injecting New Impetus into Global GovernanceIn addition,the BRICS countries signed th

134、e BRICS Action Agenda on Economic and Trade Cooperation,which stipulated targeted action plans for trade and investment facilitation,trade in services,e-commerce,intellectual property rights,and economic and technological cooperation.Moreover,the BRICS countries have always supported an open,transpa

135、rent,inclusive,non-discriminatory,and rules-based multilateral trading system,as embodied in the WTO.They have engaged constructively to pursue necessary WTO reforms,while preserving the pre-eminent role of the WTO in setting global trade rules,supporting inclusive development and promoting the righ

136、ts and interests of its members,including the least developed countries.In June 2022,the 14th BRICS Summit endorsed the BRICS Statement on Strengthening !1 2005-2021#$%&()*+,-.%()*+/,012345 资料来源：IMF,DOT Database,August 2022.!2 2005-2021#$%&67*+/,389:;5 资料来源：IMF,BOP Database,August 2022.此外，金砖国家制定了经贸合

137、作行动纲领，就贸易和投资便利化、服务贸易、电子商务、知识产权、经济技术合作等达成针对性的行动方案。同时，金砖国家始终支持以世界贸易组织（WTO）为代表的0100020003000400050006000700080009000100002005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021南非Fig.2 Total trade volume of BRICS countries 2005-2021(US$million)Source:IMF,BOP Database,August

138、2022.Brazil Russia India China SouthAfrica31BRICS in Global Governance:New Role and New Model31Fig.3 Total OFDI of the BRICS countries 2005-2021(US$million)Source:UNCTAD Database,August 2022.1 0500001000001500002000002500003000002005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2

139、019 2020 2021the Multilateral Trading System and Reforming the WTO,putting forth the“strongest voice”of the BRICS countries in support of the multilateral trade system and playing an active role in global trade governance.In terms of outbound investment,cross-border investment of the BRICS countries

140、 has maintained a trend of rapid growth since the 1990s.Overall,their share of global investment has increased,laying a solid foundation for them to participate in global economic governance.Data from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development(UNCTAD)shows that total outward foreign dire

141、ct investment of the BRICS countries in 2021 reached US$247.417 billion,accounting for 14.5%of the global OFDI,an increase of 10.3 percentage points compared with 2005.This figure accounted for 56.4%of the total OFDI of developing countries,an increase of 22.1 percentage points compared with 2005(Fi

142、g.3).3232Governance Actions:Injecting New Impetus into Global GovernanceAs major sources of investment around the world,the BRICS countries play a positive role in promoting the facilitation of global investment.In August 2017,the 7th Meeting of BRICS Trade Ministers endorsed the Outlines for BRICS

143、Investment Facilitation,the first of its kind in the world.The Outlines clarified policies and measures for facilitating investment,such as through enhancing the transparency of investment policy framework,improving the efficiency of relevant administrative procedures,and promoting cooperation on re

144、levant service capacities.These have provided experiences and reference points in relation to strengthening policy coordination for global investment facilitation and boosted the development of global investment rules.In terms of currency and finance,the BRICS countries have made remarkable progress

145、 in advancing global monetary and financial cooperation.They have also played a vital role in building a fair and efficient global financial governance system.Monetary and financial cooperation among the BRICS countries covers various fields including currency swaps,local currency settlements(LCS),b

146、anking cooperation,credit financing,development finance,and crisis relief.The BRICS countries have signed a series of documents on financial cooperation such as the Framework Agreement on Financial Cooperation under BRICS Interbank Cooperation Mechanism,the Master Agreement on Extending Credit Facil

147、ity in Local 33BRICS in Global Governance:New Role and New Model33Currency under BRICS Interbank Cooperation Mechanism,the Multilateral Letter of Credit Confirmation Facility Agreement,the Multilateral Agreement on Cooperation and Co-financing for Sustainable Development,and the Multilateral Agreeme

148、nt on Infrastructure Co-financing for Africa.In recent years,the BRICS countries have constantly expanded the scope of currency swaps and LCS.They have also established the CRA and the NDB,providing significant support for meeting their financing and investment needs while preventing financial risks

149、.These institutions substantially complement the international monetary and financial governance systems that currently exist.Contributing to Global Sustainable DevelopmentThe BRICS countries are committed to implementing the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in economic,social,environmenta

150、l and other dimensions,and note with concern that the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted sustainable development around the world.China hosted the High-level Dialogue on Global Development during the 2022 BRICS Summit.This Dialogue not only demonstrated the openness and inclusiveness of the 3.3434Gover

151、nance Actions:Injecting New Impetus into Global GovernanceBRICS partnership,but also contributed to the efforts of the international community to speed up the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.In terms of food security,to address the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandem

152、ic,the BRICS countries have urged developed countries to fulfill their Official Development Assistance(ODA)commitments and to facilitate capacity building and the transfer of technology along with additional development resources to developing countries.These commitments should be in line with the n

153、ational policy objectives of recipients,so as to accelerate the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.In addition,considering that they produce around one-third of the worlds food,the BRICS countries have taken action to further agricultural cooperation.They have formulated a

154、nd are implementing the Action Plan for Agricultural Cooperation of the BRICS Countries and the Strategy on Food Security Cooperation of the BRICS Countries,with a view to driving sustainable agricultural and rural development as well as safeguarding global food security.In terms of industrial restr

155、ucturing,the BRICS countries are committed to forging the Partnership on New Industrial Revolution(PartNIR).They have worked together to build platforms such as the BRICS PartNIR Innovation Centre(BPIC),and BRICS Start-up Events.They have organized events 35BRICS in Global Governance:New Role and Ne

156、w Model35such as the BRICS Forum on PartNIR and the BRICS Industrial Innovation Contest,and have constantly strengthened cooperation in fields such as digitalization,industrialization,innovation,inclusiveness,and investment.All of these are aimed at translating the vision of PartNIR into real action

157、 to benefit all BRICS members and other developing countries.The governments of the BRICS countries and the BRICS Task Force on public-private partnership(PPP)and Infrastructure jointly released the Technical Report on Public-Private Partnerships for Sustainable Development,with the aim of guiding t

158、he five countries to enhance cooperation on infrastructure investment,PPPs and other areas.In relation to climate change,the BRICS countries cooperate closely at the Conferences of the Parties(COPs)under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC),the United Nations Convention

159、on Biological Diversity(CBD),and other mechanisms.They adhere to the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities,in the light of different national circumstances.The BRICS countries oppose green trade barriers and emphasize that all measures taken to tackle cl

160、imate change and biodiversity loss must be designed,adopted and implemented in full conformity with WTO agreements.Moreover,the BRICS countries urge that measures must not constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination or disguised restrictions 3636Governance Actions:Injecting New I

161、mpetus into Global Governanceon international trade and they must not create unnecessary obstacles to international trade.They have also established the BRICS Energy Research Cooperation Platform and regularly released the BRICS Energy Technology Report.In addition,the BRICS countries have carried o

162、ut joint research and technological cooperation on the sustainable use of energy resources,including fossil fuels,hydrogen,nuclear and renewable energy,as well as on energy efficiency and technological innovation.Advocating Global Cultural and People-to-People ExchangesFriendship,which derives from

163、close contact between peoples,holds the key to robust state-to-state relations.Respecting the diversity of civilizations and promoting close contact between peoples are the foundation for furthering the BRICS cooperation mechanism.The BRICS countries have made fruitful achievements in cultural and p

164、eople-to-people exchanges,which are referred to as the“third pillar”of BRICS cooperation.The BRICS countries have provided a model for dialogue,cooperation,communication 4.37BRICS in Global Governance:New Role and New Model37and mutual understanding among civilizations.In terms of think tank interco

165、mmunication,think tanks of the BRICS countries have worked together to build institutional cooperation platforms to drive policy coordination and increase mutual political trust.Soon after the establishment of the mechanism,the BRIC Academic Forum(later renamed the BRICS Academic Forum after the adm

166、ission of South Africa)was inaugurated during the Yekaterinburg Summit in 2009.So far,this forum has been held 14 times.The BRICS Think Tank Council was founded during the Durban Summit in 2013.Later,state-level think tank cooperation and research coordination institutions were consecutively set up

167、in the BRICS countries.BRICS think tank seminars are regularly held,providing platforms for cooperation and exchange among think tank experts from the five countries,strengthening strategic communication and building the BRICS consensus.In addition,the BRICS Seminar on Governance has been held regul

168、arly since 2017 for the purpose of sharing governance experiences,which has become an important supplementary event during BRICS summits.Key think tanks from the BRICS countries conduct in-depth discussions on topics related to governance.Through communication,dialogue and experience sharing,they gr

169、eatly contribute to the promotion of exchanges,mutual learning and the joint development of the BRICS 3838Governance Actions:Injecting New Impetus into Global Governancecountries.In addition,as an important part of think tank cooperation,the BRICS University League was officially founded in 2015 in

170、Beijing,China.It is committed to building platforms for member universities to carry out cross-border and cross-disciplinary research,driving the exchange and alignment of higher education strategies and ideas of the BRICS countries,and strengthening intellectual reserves for the development of the

171、BRICS countries.In terms of media communication,media organizations from the BRICS countries are committed to telling well stories of the BRICS mechanism and enhancing capacities for joint communication.In 2015,Chinas Xinhua News Agency proposed and collaborated with the mainstream media organizatio

172、ns of Brazil,Russia,India and South Africa to launch the BRICS Media Forum(previously named the BRICS Media Summit).To date,this event has been held five times.It has become an institutional mechanism for mainstream media cooperation among the BRICS countries and has played a vital role in showcasin

173、g achievements,advancing cooperation and publicizing the BRICS countries.At every forum,media representatives of the BRICS countries conduct extensive discussions on priorities for media cooperation and issue annually the Action Plan of the BRICS Media Forum to provide policy guidance for furthering

174、 dialogue and cooperation.In 39BRICS in Global Governance:New Role and New Model39recent years,against the international backdrop of intensifying instability and transformation,media organizations of the BRICS countries have coordinated their narratives on major international and regional issues,enh

175、ancing the influence of BRICS viewpoints on international public opinion.They have also worked together to raise the profile of emerging economies and developing countries and promote the reform and improvement of communication in global governance.In terms of cultural exchanges,the BRICS countries

176、have signed the Agreement between the Governments of the BRICS States on Cooperation in the Field of Culture.Moreover,they are working to implement a series of measures including the Action Plan for the Implementation of the Agreement between the Governments of the BRICS States on Cooperation in the

177、 Field of Culture to accelerate the establishment of a cultural partnership based on inclusiveness and mutual understanding.Since 2019,the BRICS Forum on People-to-People and Cultural Exchanges has been held regularly,bringing together representatives of the BRICS countries from fields such as cultu

178、re,the arts,and television and film.These exchanges have led to extensive discussions on topics of common concern.Participants have explored pragmatic action plans and pooled their strengths in accordance with the BRICS spirit for building a community with a shared future for mankind.The 4040Governa

179、nce Actions:Injecting New Impetus into Global GovernanceBRICS countries have established associations in various fields including the BRICS Alliance of Art Museums and Galleries,the BRICS Childrens Drama Alliance,the BRICS Alliance of Museums,the BRICS Alliance of Libraries,and the BRICS Alliance fo

180、r Green Tourism.They have organized such events as the BRICS Cultural Festival and the BRICS Film Festival,and launched joint film and documentary production programs and screening activities.They have also carried out in-depth cooperation in areas such as protecting and utilizing cultural heritages

181、,developing digital culture,and tapping into the cultural creativity of youth.These measures play a positive role in promoting BRICS cooperation and deepening friendships between the peoples of the BRICS countries.Prospects of BRICS:Seizing New Opportunities for Global GovernanceIn recent years,unil

182、ateralism,protectionism and populism have been on the rise around the world.Some countries have acted according to the Cold War mentality and outdated zero-sum mindset,making the international landscape more complicated and turbulent.Against the backdrop of the deteriorating international situation,

183、the BRICS countries have faced up to various global challenges and made unremitting efforts in steering global development,promoting openness and cooperation,and improving global governance,all of which have contributed to promoting globalization.4242Prospects of BRICS:Seizing New Opportunities for

184、Global Governance1.Seizing New Opportunities from Industrialization to Steer Global Development GovernanceAt present,although economic globalization faces headwinds,this has not impeded a new stage of industrialization.The new industrial revolution not only drives the transformation and upgrading of

185、 traditional means of production but also fosters new business patterns,new models and new industries.It brings about new opportunities for globalization.In light of this,all the BRICS countries have formulated and implemented their respective development strategies for scientific and technological

186、innovation,speeded up the digital,intelligent and low-carbon transformation of traditional industries,and strengthened the synergy of their strategies,plans and policies for the development of new industries.Leveraging the BRICS PartNIR Innovation Center(BPIC),BRICS Start-up Events and other relevan

187、t platforms,they have increasingly deepened cooperation on scientific and technological innovation and worked together to respond to challenges brought about by the new industrial revolution.The BRICS countries have also pushed forward inclusive,sustainable industrialization,creating a broad space f

188、or their own 43BRICS in Global Governance:New Role and New Model43development as well as the shared development of all countries.In 2018,Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed establishing the BRICS PartNIR at the 10th BRICS Summit.Since its launch in December 2020,the BPIC has set up eight platforms

189、,unveiled more than 100 demonstration projects,and signed contracts on 40 cooperation projects to support the new industrial revolution.Meanwhile,the BRICS Forum on PartNIR has become a platform for the BRICS countries to align their strategies and policies on innovation.It has provided them with a

190、new channel to seize opportunities stemming from industrial reform and capitalize on their respective,complementary industrial strengths.In addition,the BPIC Manufacturing Innovation Service Center and the BPIC Standards and Intellectual Property Service Center were inaugurated,facilitating achievem

191、ents in BRICS cooperation.In 2022,the 14th BRICS Summit endorsed the BRICS Digital Economy Partnership Framework,which heralded the beginning of a new process of BRICS cooperation on the digital economy and has guided the development of global trade and investment in the digital era.Benefiting from

192、progress and cooperation in digital technology,the BRICS countries have experienced rapid development in the digital economy,and the“Digital BRICS”framework has gained greater momentum.In the 4444Prospects of BRICS:Seizing New Opportunities for Global Governancefuture,the BRICS countries will contin

193、ue increasing investment in digital infrastructure and work together to advance the construction,application,popularization,technical development,and security of 5G networks.They will continue strengthening support for utilizing information technology for epidemic control and economic recovery,and d

194、eveloping industries related to big data,the Internet of Things(IoT),and artificial intelligence.They will continuously promote extensive integrated development of the digital economy and the traditional economy,with a focus on fields such as digital agriculture,digital cultural industries,internet

195、plus healthcare,and internet plus tourism.They will further pursue pragmatic achievements in areas such as digital public security,digital standardized management of administrative affairs,intelligent upgrading of urban facilities,and digital market competitiveness.They will also make full use of va

196、rious multilateral and bilateral platforms to strengthen information communication and experience sharing in areas such as cloud computing,big data,e-commerce,and the platform economy.This will steadily enhance the BRICS countries say and rulemaking power in the digital economy,and advance innovativ

197、e development globally.45BRICS in Global Governance:New Role and New Model45Seizing the New Opportunities from Membership Enlargement to Build an Open Governance PlatformSince its inception,the BRICS mechanism has consistently deepened exchanges and cooperation in various fields and made fruitful ac

198、hievements through pragmatic cooperation.This has attracted widespread attention from the international community,and the influence and appeal of the BRICS mechanism have grown continuously.In recent years,many countries have expressed their willingness to join the mechanism,hoping to ride on the“ex

199、press train”of BRICS cooperation in order to drive cooperation among emerging economies and developing countries more broadly and deeply.Therefore,the expansion of BRICS membership echoes this trend and is a compelling choice for the BRICS countries,which will enable them to pursue more extensive an

200、d more pragmatic cooperation and build higher-quality partnerships.On the one hand,membership expansion can enhance the influence and charisma of the BRICS mechanism.All the BRICS countries are emerging economies with great development potential,and they play crucial roles in international and regio

201、nal affairs.China and Russia are permanent 2.4646Prospects of BRICS:Seizing New Opportunities for Global Governancemembers of the UN Security Council,and Brazil,India and South Africa are major economies in their respective regions.After 17 years of development,the BRICS countries have seen their ec

202、onomic strength growing steadily.According to IMF data,from 2006 to 2021,the share of the BRICS countries GDP as a proportion of the global total increased from 11.9%to 25.2%based on the market exchange rate,and from 22.2%to 31.6%based on purchasing power parity(PPP).In addition,their combined GDP h

203、as already surpassed that of the G7.Despite the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic,the economies of the BRICS countries still demonstrate resilience,and their economic and trade cooperation has surged,injecting new vitality into global economic recovery.On the other hand,membership expansion can enhanc

204、e the competitiveness and appeal of the BRICS mechanism.The BRICS countries uphold the concept of cooperation on the basis of equality.They insist that all members,regardless of size,have an equal say.For instance,the NDB adopts an equal shareholding and voting structure,allowing all members to enjo

205、y equal rights.Moreover,the BRICS countries commit to pragmatic cooperation,ensuring all parties obtain tangible benefits.In terms of international relations,the BRICS countries uphold true multilateralism,commit to carrying out international cooperation in line with the purposes and principles of t

206、he UN Charter,build mutually beneficial and win-47BRICS in Global Governance:New Role and New Model47win partnerships,oppose all forms of hegemony,unilateralism and protectionism,and actively safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of developing countries.The concepts and actions of the BRICS

207、mechanism have earned wide recognition from developing countries and reflect the aspirations of emerging economies and developing countries to participate more extensively in international cooperation and global governance.Seizing New Opportunities from Profound Global Changes to Reform and Improve

208、the Global Governance SystemSince the establishment of the BRICS mechanism,the BRICS countries have participated in the global governance process in at least three dimensions.First,a cooperation platform for emerging economies and developing countries.All BRICS countries are countries that possess e

209、merging markets.As a major force for global governance reform,they represent the interests of emerging economies and developing countries.The establishment and development of the BRICS mechanism is a testament to the fact that emerging economies and developing countries have actively participated in

210、 global governance and shaped new international rules.3.4848Prospects of BRICS:Seizing New Opportunities for Global GovernanceSecond,a coordination platform for cross-regional governance.From a geographical perspective,the BRICS countries are located in Asia,Europe,Africa,and Americas,respectively,s

211、o they connect the economies of these continents to a significant extent.Not only do they have tremendous influence in their respective regions,but also largely represent the overall interests of these regions.Third,a platform for communication between developing and developed countries.Under multil

212、ateral mechanisms such as the UN,G20,WTO,IMF,and World Bank,the BRICS countries have continued strengthening dialogue and communication with developed countries and promoted policy coordination on major global issues.They are also committed to increasing developing countriess say in international ag

213、enda-setting and rulemaking in order to optimize global governance structures.Nowadays,profound global changes of a magnitude not seen in a century have continued to intensify.It is increasingly difficult for the currently existing global governance system,rules and capabilities to address growing g

214、lobal challenges.Certain major countries pursue unilateralism and protectionism and are committed to forging exclusive“small cliques”or“small circles”,which has resulted in a growing deficit of global governance.In light of this,it has become imperative to reform the global governance 49BRICS in Glo

215、bal Governance:New Role and New Model49system.This is a historic opportunity for emerging economies and developing countries represented by the BRICS countries to participate in and steer global governance.As a new type of platform for international cooperation,ever since it was established,the BRIC

216、S mechanism has made it its major missions to advance South-South cooperation and optimize global governance.Over the past 17 years,the BRICS countries have always upheld the BRICS spirit of openness,inclusiveness and win-win cooperation.They have firmly safeguarded the international system with the

217、 UN as its core,the international order with international law as its basis,and the basic norms for international relations with the purposes and principles enshrined in the UN Charter as its foundation.They have been committed to promoting democracy in international relations and providing an essen

218、tial platform for dialogue and cooperation for emerging economies and developing countries so as to allow them to carry out policy coordination and participate in global governance.For this reason,the“circle of friends”of the BRICS countries continues to expand while their influence on the global go

219、vernance system has been increasing considerably.The BRICS countries are working to make global governance more equitable and rational.5050The Academy of Contemporary China and World StudiesThe Academy of Contemporary China and World Studies(ACCWS)is an affiliate of the China International Communica

220、tions Group(CICG).It is a state-level think tank committed to international exchanges and cooperation,specializing in international communication,and strives to become the pace-setter for the study of major practical issues in international exchanges and build a world-renowned think tank with signif

221、icant influence.Evolving from the Research Center for International Communication of CICG,ACCWS was officially inaugurated in 2017.At present,the institute has more than 100 in-house researchers and dozens of guest researchers from home and abroad.ACCWS takes applied research for practical solutions

222、 as its feature,with its focus on governance experience exchanges,international discourse innovation and translation,INTRODUCTION TO ACCWSBRICS in Global Governance:New Role and New Model51global communication strategy,national and regional communication,international public opinion,and internationa

223、l relations.It is also the base of discourse innovation and a post-doctoral research station.ACCWS regularly organizes Seminar on International Communication,and has independently developed the International Communication Database Service Platform.It offers dynamic research products and launches var

224、ious research projects on Chinas global image and Chinese enterprises images presented overseas.It has published three academic journals including Contemporary China and World,Chinese Translators,and International Communications.ACCWS annually ranks the top 10 outstanding cases of international comm

225、unication.It also provides publication series such as Research on International Communication Theory and Practice in the New Era and Contemporary China and World.ACCWS has initiated the“Global Young Leaders Dialogue(GYLD)”program and“International Think Tank Knowledge Sharing”program.It also regular

226、ly organizes international academic forums with themes on global governance,global development and dialogue between civilizations.ACCWS is dedicated to building an international think-tank network to gather wisdom to promote global sustainable development,with the focus on governance experience exchanges and providing public knowledge product of global development.For the entire report,please scan the QR code to follow the public account of ACCWS