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1、U.S.OFFSHORE WIND HANDBOOK 20223U.S.OFFSHORE WIND HANDBOOK 20222Table of Contents Introduction 051.0 Offshore Wind Overview 07 1.1.Introduction 07 1.2.Market Drivers and Cost Reduction 08 1.3.Global Market Overview 08 1.4.U.S.Market Overview 10 1.5.Offshore Wind Farm Components 112.0 U.S.Laws and Re

2、gulations Shaping Offshore Wind Development 15 2.1.Federal Offshore Policy and Regulatory Issues 15 Federal Offshore Policy 15 Bureau of Ocean Energy Management 16 Major Components of Federal Environmental Review Process 22 Maritime Law(The Jones Act)24 Federal Antitrust Law 25 2.2.Federal Energy Re

3、gulatory Commission:Regional Grids,Markets and Reliability 27 2.3.Federal Indian Law 31 2.4.State Offshore Wind Policy and Regulatory Issues 32 California 33 Connecticut 35 Maine 35 Maryland 36 Massachusetts 37 New Jersey 38 New York 40 North Carolina 41 Oregon 42 Rhode Island 42 Texas 44 Virginia 4

4、43.0 U.S.Offshore Wind Legal and Financing Framework 47 3.1.Equipment Supply and EPC 47 3.2.Interconnection 50 3.3.Power Purchase Agreements 54 3.4.Financing Offshore Wind Facilities 59 3.5.Insurance 65 3.6.Contract Lessons Learned from the United Kingdom 674.0 Project Phasing 715.0 Offshore Wind Fa

5、rm Infrastructure 75 5.1.Wind Turbine Generators 75 5.2.Foundation Structures 76 5.3.Offshore Electrical Systems 78 6.0 Development Challenges and Project Risk 837.0 Construction and Offshore Installation 87 7.1.Planning for the Marine Environment 87 7.2.Manufacturing 88 7.3.Offshore Installation 91

6、 7.4.Commissioning 99 8.0 Asset Management and Decommissioning 101 8.1.Pre-Operations 101 8.2.Operation and Maintenance 102 8.3.Life Extension 103 8.4.Decommissioning 104 9.0 Industry Lessons Learned 107 Contributors 110 Company Profiles 113U.S.OFFSHORE WIND HANDBOOK 20225U.S.OFFSHORE WIND HANDBOOK