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1、 Supply Chain Assessment of the Transportation Industrial Base:Freight and Logistics February 2022 ii Supply Chain Assessment of the Transportation Industrial Base:Freight and Logistics U.S.Department of Transportation Cover Photos:Adobe Stock i i Supply Chain Assessment of the Transportation Indust

2、rial Base:Freight and Logistics U.S.Department of Transportation Table of Contents List of Figures.iii List of Tables.iii Acronyms.v Foreword from the Secretary.vii Executive Summary.x Building Resilient Supply Chains to Address Disruptions.xi.xi Responding to Current Supply Chain Disruptions.xii.xi

3、i Roles of the Federal Government and Its Partners.xiv.xiv Recommendations for Resilient Supply Chains.xv.xv 1.0 Introduction.1 1.1 Purpose.2.2 1.2 Background.3.3 1.3 Freight and Logistics System Resilience.6.6 1.4 Federal Role in Freight and Supply Chains.8.8 2.0 Freight and Logistics Trends.10 2.1

4、 Globalization of Supply Chains and Growing International Trade.11.11 2.2 Overall Growth in Freight Demand.14.14 2.3 Increased E-Commerce and Direct-to-Consumer Logistics.16.16 2.4 Changing Workforces and Technology.17.17 2.5 Increased Disruption Caused by Climate Change.18.18 2.6 Public Disinvestme

5、nt in Infrastructure.19.19 2.7 Industry Consolidation.21.21 3.0 Challenges in Supply Chain Resilience.24 3.1 Physical Infrastructure.24.24 3.2 Congestion.28.28 3.3 Data Availability and Knowledge Gaps.32.32 3.4 Supply Chain Security.34.34 ii Supply Chain Assessment of the Transportation Industrial B

6、ase:Freight and Logistics U.S.Department of Transportation 3.5 Last-Mile Freight Delivery.36.36 3.6 Chassis Availability.38.38 3.7 Container Availability.40.40 3.8 Warehousing.42.42 3.9 Freight and Logistics Workforce.44.44 3.10 Regulations and Unfair Business Practices.47.47 4.0 Ensuring Resilience