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1、 Power-to-X:A closer look at e-Ammonia siemens- White paper l Power-to-X:A closer look at e-Ammonia 2021 Siemens Energy Page 2 Contents Introduction Page 3 1.1 Transitioning towards net-zero systems 1.2 What is e-Ammonia?1.3 E-Ammonia can be made at large-scale 1.4 Ammonia health and safety consider

2、ations Economic feasibility and drivers Page 7 2.1 Production cost of e-Ammonia 2.2 Storage and transport of e-Ammonia Key markets Page 10 3.1 Existing market:fertilizers and other chemicals 3.2 Emerging markets:energy 3.3 Comparing e-Ammonia with other e-Fuels A closer look at e-Ammonia around the

3、globe Page 13 4.1 Sustainable economic growth 4.2 E-Ammonia opportunities in existing markets 4.3 A new wave of green industry Conclusions Page 15 1 2 3 4 5 White paper l Power-to-X:A closer look at e-Ammonia 2021 Siemens Energy Page 3 1.Introduction 1.1 Transitioning towards net-zero systems Humani

4、ty is at the beginning of an unprecedented,rapid transition towards sustainable systems.A sense of urgency is mounting to achieve a net-zero system by mid-century in order to limit global warming to well below 2 C above preindus-trial levels,as advised by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Chang

5、e(IPCC).Already,nations are heeding this warn-ing,signing net-zero targets into law,and mobilizing a significant push for deep decarbonization.Achieving the required systemic transformation requires considering a range of technologies.One highly relevant technol-ogy for decarbonizing several sectors

6、 is e-Ammonia.E-Ammonia is a carbon-free chemical and fuel made from renewable electricity,water,and air that can be rapidly deployed at scale,building on a century of industrial ammonia infrastructure and expertise.E-Ammonia is relevant for decarbonizing the existing ammonia market a vast market wo