2020年旅游业的复苏展望报告 - 世界旅游组织（英文版）（12页）.pdf

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1、ONE PLANET VISION FOR A RESPONSIBLE RECOVERY OF THE TOURISM SECTOR ONE PLANET VISION FOR ONE PLANET VISION FOR A RESPONSIBLE RECOVERY OF A RESPONSIBLE RECOVERY OF THE TOURISM SECTORTHE TOURISM SECTOR ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank the members of the One Planet Sustainable Tourism Programme

2、for their contributions to the preparation of this position paper as well as the One Planet Secretariat at UNEP. Special gratitude goes to Clare Jenkinson (ABTA), Delphine Stroh (Accor), Jos Miguel Rovira Gonzlez and Kennedy Pemberton (Association of Caribbean States), Christina Beckmann (Adventure

3、Travel Trade Association), Xenia Zu Hohenlohe (Considerate Group), Nicole Ouimet-Herter and Simone Targetti Ferri (Disneyland Paris), Karin Elgin- Nijhuis (Elgin namely: public health, social inclusion, biodiversity conservation, climate action, circular economy and governance and finance. This visi

4、on invites governments to integrate such lines of action in COVID-19 recovery plans for tourism to build back better. The vision also encourages tourism businesses to revisit operational processes along the lines of action below to enhance competitiveness. NGOs, International Organizations, academia

5、 and the civil society can support and assist both governments and the private sector by sharing their knowledge, tools and supporting the development of best practices. #ResponsibleRecovery for People Public health: The COVID-19 pandemic has shown the strong connection between tourism and public he

6、alth. The tourism sector has proven to be of assistance by putting its infrastructure, supply chains and staff at the service of public health and humanitarian aid. Creating long lasting synergies between public health and tourism is an investment in preparedness in relation to future crises and con

7、tributes to confidence and trust. Integrate epidemiological indicators in tourism: Epidemiological indicators are in the process of being connected with tourism monitoring mechanisms. Strengthening monitoring mechanisms in this direction has potential to lead the way for tourism to recover as an eco

8、nomic activity, ensuring that the easing of travel restrictions or introduction of new measures and policies is based on evidence. If well planned and managed, tourism can make a responsible contribution to the health and wellbeing of those working in the sector and local people. Connect hygiene wit

9、h sustainability: Tailored guidance and protocols for tourism operations to resume timely and safely shall reflect the outcomes of collaboration between tourism stakeholders, the scientific community and health authorities. It is essential that such protocols integrate sustainability principles as m

10、uch as possible, to prevent decision-making and changes in processes in connection to hygiene which could have harmful effects on the environment without measurable gains with regards to health. Introducing new social distancing measures and safety protocols should not suppose new LINES OF ACTION TO

11、 SUPPORT A #RESPONSIBLERECOVERY TO #BUILDBACKBETTER TOURISM ONE PLANET VISION FOR A RESPONSIBLE RECOVERY OF THE TOURISM SECTOR COPYRIGHT: 2020, WORLD TOURISM ORGANIZATION (UNWTO) ONE PLANET VISION FOR A RESPONSIBLE RECOVERY OF THE TOURISM SECTOR ONE PLANET VISION FOR A RESPONSIBLE RECOVERY OF THE TO

12、URISM SECTOR COPYRIGHT: 2020, WORLD TOURISM ORGANIZATION (UNWTO) ONE PLANET VISION FOR A RESPONSIBLE RECOVERY OF THE TOURISM SECTOR barriers4 for people with disabilities and seniors. Restore trust through communication: To address the public health concerns of tourists, employees and host communiti

13、es and restore trust, transparent and proactive communication on the measures put in place and current developments within businesses or destinations is key. Destinations shall send clear and consolidated messages to their source markets and adjust to their perceptions and needs to regain visitor co

14、nfidence, given the importance and current sensitivities towards public health. Social inclusion: The COVID-19 crisis is having sweeping consequences on tourism jobs and enterprises, notably on small and medium enterprises, which account for around 80% of tourism businesses globally.5 Many tourism e

15、mployers are nevertheless taking the lead in supporting their workers and helping the communities in which they operate.6 Capitalising on these practices can repurpose tourism as a supporter for the community. Channel targeted support towards vulnerable groups: Many tourism jobs represent the main s

16、ource of income of local communities and the livelihoods of youth, women, rural population, indigenous and other vulnerable groups, including those in the informal economy. Therefore, targeted support which caters for their needs should allow a more inclusive recovery.7 The principles of decent work

17、8 and safety at a work place should guide measures aiming at enhancing job security in tourism and at providing formal employment. Channel long-term support to small and medium enterprises: Targeted support beyond initial relief measures will be needed for small and medium enterprises to continue op

18、erating9 and to ensure that destinations maintain a diverse and attractive offer. Embracing digital technologies can contribute to business continuity. In those destinations where tourism has become almost the sole economic activity, supporting businesses to diversify their customer base and revenue

19、 streams will enhance their resilience. Repurpose tourism as a supporter for the community: Capitalising on the new services that tourism businesses and creative industries10 have been providing to destinations in times of crisis brings an opportunity to create 4 https:/www.unwto.org/covid-19-inclus

20、ive-response-vulnerable-groups 5 https:/www.unwto.org/news/covid-19-statement-zurab-pololikashvili 6 https:/www.unwto.org/news/research-shows-strength-of-tourism-sectors-support-for-workers-and-communities 7 https:/www.unwto.org/covid-19-inclusive-response-vulnerable-groups 8 https:/www.ilo.org/wcms

21、p5/groups/public/-ed_dialogue/-sector/documents/normativeinstrument/wcms_546337.pdf 9 https:/www.oecd-forum.org/users/406151-lamia-kamal-chaoui/posts/rescuing-smes-from-the-covid-storm-what-s-next 10 https:/www.unwto.org/cultural-tourism-covid-19 Dmitry Molchanov - D ONE PLANET VISION FOR A RESPONSI

22、BLE RECOVERY OF THE TOURISM SECTOR COPYRIGHT: 2020, WORLD TOURISM ORGANIZATION (UNWTO) ONE PLANET VISION FOR A RESPONSIBLE RECOVERY OF THE TOURISM SECTOR stronger ties with local communities, integrate local wisdom and enhance local satisfaction with tourism. Communities may need business mentorship

23、 for their local entrepreneurship ventures to improve their supply chain inclusion. Furthermore, stronger local value chains bring social and economic benefits to local communities, reduce dependence on foreign suppliers while supporting the circularity of tourism operations. #ResponsibleRecovery fo

24、r Planet Biodiversity conservation: The COVID-19 pandemic has raised awa- reness of the importance of a healthy en- vironment as a natural barrier for future pandemics, notably in the case of zoonotic diseases. A healthy environment is also di- rectly connected with the competitiveness of the touris

25、m sector and in many destinations conservation efforts largely depend on tou- rism revenue. Supporting such conservation efforts can enable a greener recovery.11 Capture the value of conservation through tourism: While the reduction of economic activity during COVID-19 has to some extent reduced the

26、 pressures on the environment, there are many destinations where the conservation of marine and terrestrial ecosystems, protected areas and species largely depends on tourism revenue and operators. Supporting monitoring mechanisms that would regularly capture such contribution and the value of ecosy

27、stem services through tourism at destination level would enable the tourism sector to capitalize on its conservation efforts. Support conservation efforts through tourism: In destinations where human- wildlife conflicts are increasing as tourism is on hold, the risk of poaching, encroachment or over

28、exploitation are also growing, directly threatening the very assets upon which the tourism sector needs to be rebuilt. The role of tourism to sustain conservation and fight illegal wildlife trade should therefore be acknowledged in recovery plans and support made available for conservation efforts b

29、y tourism stakeholders to continue. Tourism also contributes to the preservation of cultural and historical sites. Invest in nature-based solutions for sustainable tourism: Nature-based solutions have potential to drive innovation in tourism towards sustainability and, besides mitigating the environ

30、mental impacts of tourism activity, result in better management of scarce natural resources such as water, coral reefs, wetlands, mangroves, coastlines and foster disaster resilience both in urban and natural environments12. Investments in nature- based solutions also respond well to the expectation

31、s of a growing demand for experiences in nature. 11 12 https:/platform.think-nature.eu/system/files/thinknature_handbook_final_print_0.pdf ONE PLANET VISION FOR A RESPONSIBLE RECOVERY OF THE TOURISM SECTOR COPYRIGHT: 2020, WORLD TOURISM ORGANIZATION (UNWTO) ONE PLANET VISION FOR A RESPONSIBLE RECOVE

32、RY OF THE TOURISM SECTOR ONE PLANET VISION FOR A RESPONSIBLE RECOVERY OF THE TOURISM SECTOR COPYRIGHT: 2020, WORLD TOURISM ORGANIZATION (UNWTO) ONE PLANET VISION FOR A RESPONSIBLE RECOVERY OF THE TOURISM SECTOR Climate action: During the COVID-19 crisis, reduced emis- sions and improvements in air q

33、uality have been reported and it is estimated that global CO2 emissions for 2020 will decline by 8%.13 According to UNWTO/ITF research released in December 2019, the tourism sector is set to increase its CO2 emissions by at least 25% by 203014 and therefore the need to transform tourism operations f

34、or climate action conti- nues to be of utmost importance for the sec- tor to remain in line with international goals. Monitor and report CO2 emissions from tourism operations: Strengthening the measurement and disclosure of CO2 emissions from tourism and promoting the introduction of science-based t

35、argets is necessary for the sector to effectively contribute to the implementation of Nationally Determined Contributions to the Paris Agreement. Developing monitoring mechanisms that would allow destinations to understand CO2 emissions across the value chain and the CO2 implications of investments

36、has potential to trigger a shift towards climate-aware tourism development. Accelerate the decarbonization of tourism operations: Enhancing mitigation efforts in the tourism sector, including through investments to develop low- carbon transportation options and greener infrastructure, is key to resi

37、lience. It shall also be seen a competitive advantage as the cost of inaction with regards to climate will be in the long run larger than the cost of any other crisis. Additionally, a growing number of consumers are demanding that the tourism sector takes responsibility for its CO2 emissions and wou

38、ld like to take part of these efforts.15 Small and medium- sized businesses would need technical and financial support to accomplish such transition. Engage the tourism sector in carbon removal: Supporting the engagement of the tourism sector in adaptation to climate change and carbon removal, throu

39、gh both natural and technological methods is necessary. The use of natural systems for carbon removal through the restoration of high carbon density ecosystems as well as engaging with carbon removal technologies would be necessary if the sector is to cut emissions by 50% by 2030 to remain in line w

40、ith the IPCCs most recent recommendations16, and to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. 13 https:/www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-review-2020 14 https:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284416660 15 16 https:/www.ipcc.ch/sr15/ OndRej Prosick - D ONE PLANET VISION FOR A RESPONSIBLE RECOVERY OF T

41、HE TOURISM SECTOR COPYRIGHT: 2020, WORLD TOURISM ORGANIZATION (UNWTO) ONE PLANET VISION FOR A RESPONSIBLE RECOVERY OF THE TOURISM SECTOR #ResponsibleRecovery for Prosperity Circular economy: The COVID-19 crisis has raised awareness of the importance of local supply chains and the need to rethink how

42、 goods and services are produced and consumed, both key elements of a circular economy. Integrating circularity and further advancing resource efficiency in the tourism value chain represent an opportu- nity for the tourism sector to embrace a sus- tainable and resilient growth pathway. Invest in tr

43、ansforming tourism value chains: Circular economy processes such as reducing and reusing (user to user), repairing, refurbishing and remanufacturing (user to business) and recycling and repurposing (business to business) can reduce economic leakages in the tourism value chain as well as waste and po

44、llution.17 Supporting the integration of circular economy processes in tourism can promote innovation, the creation of new sustainable business models, added value for customers and local economic development. The efficient use of energy and water are essential measures. Prioritize sustainable food

45、approaches for circularity: Food represents an entry point for circularity in tourism value chains through sustainable procurement (local and organic sourcing, sourcing from market surplus or collective procurement), sustainable menus (including healthy and plant-rich dishes) and food waste and loss

46、 reduction and management. Mainstreaming food loss and waste reduction in tourism has potential to support the recovery of small and large businesses as it presents an opportunity to reduce costs and improve efficiency while curbing CO2 emissions. Shift towards a circularity of plastics in tourism:

47、Addressing plastic waste and pollution can be a catalyser of circularity in tourism through the elimination of unnecessary plastics, integrating reuse models safely, engaging the value chain to advance the use of recyclable and compostable plastics and collaborating to increase recycling rates for p

48、lastics.18 Supporting the shift towards a circularity of plastics can reduce marine litter and plastic pollution, preserve the attractiveness of destinations and trigger multi-stakeholder precompetitive collaboration on topics such as waste management at destination level, which in turn can have a p

49、ositive effect on health. Governance and finance: During the COVID-19 crisis, the exchange of information across levels of government, the private sector and internationally has been crucial for decision making and managing the pandemic. Capitalising on lessons lear- ned will be key to implement recovery plans efficiently and enhance global resilience. More inclusive and smart destination mana- 17 https:/buildingcircularity.org/ 18 https:/www.unwto.org/sustainable-development/global-tourism-plastics-initiative ONE PLANE