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Figure 2.6 International and national patent family citations to scientific articles, average adoption lag per year, selected regional corridors, 1985–2022

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所属报告：

世界知识产权组织（WIPO）：2026年世界知识产权报告：技术的流动（英文版）（134页）.pdf

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Measurement limitations remain. Patent citations to scientific papers have limitations. This approach underestimates science's impact by capturing only the research done openly, while omitting private channels like academic consulting or public-private partnerships.27 Like patent- to-patent citations, treating patent citations to scientific papers as direct science-technology links oversimplifies a complex relationship.28 These limitations do not invalidate the approach but indicate that scientific knowledge flows to technologies through multiple, often indirect pathways. Science-to-technology transformation requires patience. Analysis of global patent citations to other patents. On average, scientific articles receive their first patent citation about 10 years patent citation analysis valuable for innovation policymaking. one region takes to "diffuse" into technologies elsewhere. Patent applicants worldwide source exists even among advanced innovation economies like the United States, Germany and Japan, applicants only 3 and 11 percent faster than by German and Chinese applicants, respectively, applicants from the United States, China and Japan are 22, 20 and 7 percent slower than German Chinese scientific knowledge diffuses relatively quickly. Chinese papers get cited relatively quickly by foreign patents - within a maximum of 8 years from publication. Conversely, US papers take patents and a maximum of more than 13 years for African patents. These comparisons need careful interpretation. First, document volumes are not comparable since the United States produces far more cited scientific articles. Second, emerging scientific players - notably China, plus Southeast Asian, Latin American and African countries - have significantly increased their scientific publication rates recently. This means that older scientific references are more likely to originate from the United States and Europe. Finally, these adoption (2026)TheChangingGegrapyfInternationalKnwledeDiffusionWIPOconmicReerchWoringPaperrie9. Source: EPO Patstat 2025 and Marx and Fuegi (2020, 2022).

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