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图表41.高新技术、机电、集成电路出口（%）

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所属报告：

中国银行：2026中国银行个人金融全球资产配置白皮书（162页）.pdf

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宏观篇：全球经济增长步伐放缓，中国物价有望企稳回升首先，中国出口目的地更加多元，对美国单一市场依赖度大幅下降。2017年，中国对美国出口占比为19%，美国是中国第一大出口市场。2018年，中美第一轮贸易战后，中国持续推进出口多元化，增加对东南亚、“一带一路”相关国家的贸易体量，降低对美市场依赖度。2019年以来，中国对美国出口占比持续下降，到2023年，中国对东南亚出口占比上升至15.5%，对美国出口占比降到14.8%，东南亚已成为我国第一大出口市场。2025年前 11个月，中国对美国出口占比进一步降至11.3%，不仅比2018年下降了8个百分点，出口占比也第一次低于欧盟（占比14.9%），美国已退居为中国的第三大出口市场。其次，一般贸易出口占比大幅上升，加工贸易出口明显下降。2010年以前，中国企业在国际贸易中处于产业链的低端环节，附加值较低，出口贸易以加工贸易为主，易受外部贸易政策等不确定性因素扰动，随着中国产业逐步升级，在国际贸易中向中高端产业链攀升，加工贸易占比逐渐下降。到2025年前11月，加工贸易占比下降到 19.6%，一般贸易占比上升到65.3%，较2009年加工贸易占比48.8%，一般贸易占比为44.1%，结构出现明显转变，背后体现出中国产业国际竞争力的大幅提升。最后，高附加值产品出口增长较快，低附加值产品出口持续下降。中国高新技术产品的出口增速在2024年全年、2025年前11个月分别为4.8%、6.6%，机电产品出口增速分别为7.5%、8.0%。“新三样”（电动载人汽车、锂离子蓄电池、太阳能电池）产品出口金额月度增速保持高位，而“老三样”（服装、家具、家用电器）出口金额增速疲弱，显示出高附加值产品取代低附加值产品成为我国出口增长的“动力源”。资料来源：WIND，中国银行个人金融部私人银行中心

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