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iPhone12Pro各国/地区零部件在BOM所占比例

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所属报告：

电子行业：逆全球化下消费电子产业链外迁可能性分析-220525（42页）.pdf

打包全文图表

从中国企业的长期发展看，受益于工程师红利，预计未来国内的消费电子产业也将主动进行结构化升级和转型，我们认为 5-10 年维度国内企业也将更聚焦在更高附加值的产业链环节，将部分低附加值产业主动外迁。根据工信部部长苗圩在对《中国制造 2025》进行全面解读时指出，全球制造业已基本形成四级梯队发展格局，中国制造业仅处于中低端制造领域的第三梯队。以 iPhone 12 Pro 为例，我们测算总物料和制造成本中仅有占比4.6%的制造成本和占比 30%+的物料成本留在中国。因此中国消费电子产业仍有待进行结构升级。中长期看，虽然中国人口红利逐渐减少，用工成本方面的比较优势逐渐降低，但是中国的人口素质稳步提升，我们认为受益于工程师红利，未来国内的消费电子产业也将主动进行结构化升级和转型。2000-2019 年间，中国培养了 9673 万普通本专科生和 723万研究生，阿里云研究中心表示中国工程师占全球工程师比重超过 25%；中国虽在高精科技领域逊于美国，但是所培养的工程师基数远大于美国；根据全球化智库，中国每年大学理工科的毕业生数量超过 300 万人，为美国的 5 倍。与越南相比，中国本世纪普通本专科毕业生合计数已超过 1 亿人，高于越南 2020 年所统计总人口数 9758 万人。庞大的工程师基数给予中国消费电子产业链从中低端制造领域向高端制造与技术创新领域升级的动力，并使其有意愿主动将中低端制造领域向国外转移，但我们认为这将是一个 5-10 年维度的缓慢过程。

行业数据原图定位