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经合组织(OECD):2025韩国潜在人口危机:低生育率趋势深度解析报告(英文版)(113页).pdf

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1、Koreas Unborn FutureUnderstanding LowFertility TrendsversionlaunchKoreas Unborn FutureUNDERSTANDING LOWFERTILITY TRENDSversionlaunchThis work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD.The opinions expressed andarguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the

2、official views of the Member countries of the OECD.This document,as well as any data and map included herein,are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory,to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory,city or area.The statist

3、ical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities.The use ofsuch data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights,East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements inthe West Bank under the terms of international law.Note by the Republ

4、ic of TrkiyeThe information in this document with reference to“Cyprus”relates to the southern part of the Island.There is no singleauthority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island.Trkiye recognises the Turkish Republic ofNorthern Cyprus(TRNC).Until a lasting and equitable s

5、olution is found within the context of the United Nations,Trkiyeshall preserve its position concerning the“Cyprus issue”.Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European UnionThe Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Trki

6、ye.Theinformation in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.Please cite this publication as:OECD(2025),Koreas Unborn Future:Understanding Low-Fertility Trends,OECD Publishing,Paris,https:/doi.org/10.1787/005ce8f7-en.ISBN 978-92-64-54

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本文主要讨论了韩国超低生育率的现象及其原因。韩国的总生育率在2023年降至0.72,为世界最低。这一现象反映了韩国社会在结合事业和家庭方面的结构性问题。韩国女性往往需要更多时间离开工作岗位来照顾孩子,而她们的丈夫则成为家庭的主要养家糊口者。这不仅降低了女性的福祉,也减少了家庭收入。韩国的住房支出增加也降低了生育率。此外,韩国的教育支出也是一个重要的障碍。几乎80%的韩国学童参与私人辅导,平均花费家庭可支配收入的10%。韩国女性劳动参与率的提高也增加了生育的机会成本。韩国的双重劳动力市场和长期工作小时也是导致女性劳动市场缺席严重和收入损失的主要原因。韩国的政策,包括早期儿童教育和护理、带薪产假和家庭福利,可以部分补偿生育和抚养孩子的成本,但效果有限。韩国的性别规范和工作实践需要改变,以支持大多数女性同时追求事业和家庭。
韩国为何面临超低生育率问题? 韩国女性如何平衡事业与家庭? 韩国政府如何应对人口老龄化问题?
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