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世界银行:2020矿物用于气候行动清洁能源转型的矿物强度(英文版)(112页).pdf

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1、CLIMATE-SMART MINING FACILITYKirsten Hund,Daniele La Porta,Thao P.Fabregas,Tim Laing,John DrexhageMinerals for Climate Action:The Mineral Intensity of the Clean Energy TransitionPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized 2020 Inte

2、rnational Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank1818 H Street NWWashington,DC 20433Telephone:202-473-1000www.worldbank.orgThis work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions.The findings,interpretations,and conclusions expressed in this work do not neces

3、sarily reflect the views of The World Bank,its Board of Executive Directors,or the governments they represent.The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work.The boundaries,colors,denominations,and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judg

4、ment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.This report was supported by the Climate-Smart Mining Initiative of the World Bank Group.The Climate-Smart Mining Initiative is supported by Anglo American,the Netherla

5、nds Ministry of Foreign Affairs,and Rio Tinto.The Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Internationale Zusammenarbeit(GIZ)GmbH on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development(BMZ)also supported the development of this report.We would also like to thank Jane Sunderland(editor)and

6、 Mark Lindop(designer).Rights and PermissionsThe material in this work is subject to copyright.Because the World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge,this work may be reproduced,in whole or in part,for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given.Any queries on

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本文主要研究了清洁能源转型对矿物需求的影响。主要内容包括: 1. 清洁能源技术,特别是太阳能光伏、风能和地热能,比化石燃料技术更依赖矿物。例如,建造1兆瓦的太阳能光伏需要3000个太阳能板。 2. 不同矿物面临的需求风险不同。跨领域矿物(如铜、钼)需求稳定,而集中型矿物(如锂、石墨、钴)需求不确定性较高。 3. 技术选择、材料替代和技术进步将改变不同矿物在不同低碳情景下的需求。 4. 尽管回收和再利用矿物可以发挥关键作用,但开采仍需供应清洁能源所需的矿物。 5. 尽管可再生能源技术的矿物强度较高,但其温室气体排放量仅为化石燃料技术的6%。 6. 限制清洁能源转型所需的矿物碳足迹可能带来双重利益,促进资源丰富的发展中国家经济增长和环境风险降低。 7. 气候智能采矿倡议通过与政府、发展伙伴、行业和民间社会合作,最小化低碳转型的新排放,并与资源丰富的发展中国家紧密合作,负责任地供应这些战略矿物。
清洁能源转型对矿物需求有何影响? 不同矿物在清洁能源转型中的需求风险有何不同? 回收再利用如何影响清洁能源转型中的矿物需求?
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