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亚洲开发银行:2026亚太地区发展中经济体新兴宏观财政与治理挑战及机遇研究报告(中译版)(132页).pdf

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1、ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANKEMERGING MACROFISCAL ANDGOVERNANCE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES INDEVELOPING ASIAAND THE PACIFICGambhir Bhatta,Dennis Lorne Nacario,and Jose Luis SyquiaMARCH 2026ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANKMARCH 2026EMERGING MACROFISCAL ANDGOVERNANCE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES INDEVELOPING ASIAAND

2、 THE PACIFICGambhir Bhatta,Dennis Lorne Nacario,and Jose Luis SyquiaCreative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license(CC BY 3.0 IGO)2026 Asian Development Bank 6 ADB Avenue,Mandaluyong City,1550 Metro Manila,Philippines Tel+63 2 8632 4444;Fax+63 2 8636 2444www.adb.org Some rights reserved.Published in 20

3、26ISBN 978-92-9277-736-4(print);978-92-9277-737-1(PDF);978-92-9277-738-8(ebook)Publication Stock No.TCS260103-2DOI:http:/dx.doi.org/10.22617/TCS260103-2 The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies ofthe Asian Development Bank

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1. **核心挑战**:亚洲开发银行(ADB)34个发展中成员国面临宏观经济治理挑战,包括弱宏观财政管理、政策选择不当及政治承诺不足,影响气候行动、私营部门发展等关键领域。 2. **三大支柱**: - **国内资源动员与债务管理**:需减少对外部债务依赖,加强税收政策与数字化技术应用。 - **公共财政与支出管理**:需提升预算编制、执行及采购系统的透明度与效率(如格鲁吉亚的财政透明度实践)。 - **监督与问责机制**:强化立法、审计及反腐败机构作用,推动国家诚信体系建设。 3. **改革路径**: - **分权治理**:解决地方计划与预算脱节问题,避免“一刀切”改革。 - **数字化**:整合碎片化系统(如预算、税收),提升服务交付效率(如印尼“数字印尼2045”愿景)。 - **气候韧性**:将灾害风险管理纳入公共财政框架(如菲律宾的整合实践)。 4. **关键数据**: - 34个ADB成员国覆盖亚太地区,格鲁吉亚在2023年开放预算调查中全球排名第一。 - 不透明采购导致资源流失,需通过可持续公共采购(如印尼案例)优化。
亚洲治理挑战? 财政改革路径? 数字化机遇?
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