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花旗银行:2026美墨加自由贸易协定:三国协同的持久力量研究报告(英文版)(26页).pdf

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1、January 2026Global Perspectives&SolutionsThe Enduring Power of ThreeU.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement 2026 CitigroupCiti Institute Global Perspectives and Solutions2AuthorsSahra EnglishManaging Director of International Government Affairs,CAnuj Gangahar Global Editor-in-Chief,Citi IMatthew Moffat Data An

2、alyst,Citi Global Data IRobert Sockin Global Economist,Citi RCandi Wolff Global Head of Government Affairs,CHelen Krause Head of Citi Global Data INathan Sheets Global Chief Economist Citi Research Cole Langlois Senior Associate,Global Economics Citi Research 2026 CitigroupCiti Institute Global Pers

3、pectives and Solutions4ContentsSummary and Key Takeaways 5USMCA A(Bumpy)Renewal is Likely 7Economic Backdrop.9Potential Outcomes.11Changing Trade Dynamics 13U.S.companies are simultaneously near-shoring and on-shoring.17The effect of USMCA on other sectors.21 2026 CitigroupCiti Institute Global Pers

4、pectives and Solutions5The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement(USMCA),which succeeded the North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA)in 2020,represents a modernized trade framework critical to economic stability and growth across the North American triumvirate of nations.It is now up for review.So

5、why is this agreement important?Put simply it underpins billions in trilateral trade,facilitates complex supply chains and provides a predictable regulatory environment essential for business planning and investment across the continent.At its core,the USMCA strengthens intellectual property protect

6、ions and modernizes digital trade rules.For businesses,this translates into greater certainty for innovation,a level playing field for workers,and clearer guidelines for cross-border data flows,all of which are vital for competitiveness.The automotive rules of origin,requiring a higher percentage of

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1. **贸易增长**:2024年美墨加三国货物与服务贸易总额达1.9万亿美元,较2020年USMCA实施初期增长近4000亿美元。 2. **投资增加**:加拿大对美直接投资2024年增至7329亿美元,较2020年增长50%,成为美国第三大外资来源国。 3. **就业影响**:加拿大2020-2024年在美创造就业岗位最多,美国对墨乳制品出口增长76%(约10亿美元)。 4. **贸易动态**:墨西哥取代中国成为美国进口份额增长最快国家之一,汽车业因原产地规则受益显著。 5. **续约风险**:USMCA将于2026年续约,谈判可能涉及更严格的原产地规则、数字贸易及关键市场准入,若失败将引发供应链不确定性。
USMCA续签前景如何? 墨西哥贸易优势何在? 近岸外包趋势如何?
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