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图1.7生态农业在中国的发展历程

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所属报告：

四川大学：2025应对气候变化：生态农业如何助力研究报告（117页）.pdf

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1.3.3生态农业的不同技术体系衍生出不同的技术细则。本报告对生态农业和与之相近的几种农业模式（有机农业、自然农法、生物动力农业、活力农耕、朴门永续农业、CSA社会生态农业、再生农业、保护性农业）的理念、技术原则（耕地与否、覆盖与否、对草的管理、对肥的施用、对化学投入品的态度））等进行了梳理，对比 1）坚持生态学理念。以生态学的各项原则设计农业生态系统，模仿自然生态系统。 2）注重多样化种植。通过种植多种作物、轮作和混作等方式来增加生物多样性，从而提高生态系统的稳定性和生产力。 3）强调资源循环利用。强调资源的最大化利用和循环使用，如农作物秸秆等有机废弃物的回收 4）重视用生态方式替代化学输入。充分利用系统内的养分循环，尽可能减少对外部化学品的依赖，甚至不用，通过自然方法控制病虫害和维持土壤健康。在肥料投入上大多以有机肥/堆肥为主。 5）顺应天时，遵循自然发展的规律。顺应二十四节气，不做反李节种植；尽量使用自然进化的常 6）尽量减少对土壤扰动。大多采用免耕/少耕、适度耕作。从实践来看，生态农业不是非黑即白的教条，而是从化学依赖向自然共生渐进的光谱。在逐渐摆脱化学依赖的过程中，不同的农业模式所处的阶段可能有所差异。在技术原则上，以上9种模式可能对于耕地频率、覆盖方式、草的管理等细节存在细微差别，甚至部分模式对化学投入品的态度是允许少量和有限使用，但它们的核心目标都是朝着降低农业资源消耗、降低农业对环境的负面影响、减缓土壤恶化的状况、让土壤向更健康的方向发展，因此都可以视为广义的生态农业实践范畴。而生态农业绿色农业以及现有化学农业的技术改良等，这些有利于生态平衡、农业可持续发展，对人的身心健康有促进作用的都可以纳入广义的生态农业的范畴。不同的流派、模式、技术体系，是基于各自不同的

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