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国内外PM25与O空气质量标准对比

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所属报告：

ARCH：中国空气质量改善的健康效应评估2025：关注空气污染的急性健康风险（42页）.pdf

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人体免疫系统具有一定缓冲能力，只有当空气污染随着治理成效显现，2024年全国地级及以上物浓度超过安全阈值时，暴露才会对健康产生显著城市 PM2.5 年均浓度降至 29.3 μg/m²，并连续五影响。因此，当空气质量标准依据最新科学证据制年低于35μg/m²的现行标准，全国74% 的城市定时，超标暴露人群的比例可作为健康风险的代理 PM2.5 年均浓度达标，65%的城市空气质量全面达指标，从而将空气质量达标评估转化为一种高效且标。在此背景下，现行标准已难以持续引领大多数可近似反映健康风险的手段。城市改善空气质量。实施更严格的标准、推动空气质量持续提升已成为必然趋势。本报告系统评估了 (GB3095-2012）首次将 PM2.s 纳入标准，为我国 2013-2024年我国长短期PM2.5与O3暴露达标情况，并计算其对死亡负担的影响趋势，亦可为空气大气污染防治进程树立了新的里程碑。此后，我国年，以下简称“第一行动计划”）、《打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划》（2018-2020年，以下简称“第 (2021-2025年，以下简称“第三行动计划”），为空气质量改善提供了政策支撑。目前，国内外关于 PM2.5 与O的空气质量标评估超标暴露水平，并作为健康风险的指示。尽管中国现行标准（PM2.5短期达标：日均浓度< 75 μg/m²，长期达标：年均浓度<35μg/m²；O3 短期达标：日最大8小时平均浓度<160 μg/m², 期标准更加严格，但仍显著高于WHO指南和其他主要发达国家标准，这反映出发展中国家在环境保护与经济社会发展之间的权衡与过渡性特征，也意味着在当前空气质量水平下，大量人群仍将伴随较高的潜在健康风险。

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