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图12：.德国和荷兰数字RRF投资的行业影响（十亿欧元）

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所属报告：

欧盟委员会：2026复苏与韧性机制下数字化举措研究报告：宏观、行业及国别层面的经济影响（英文版）（42页）.pdf

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大量资金直接分配给这两个部门，从而限制了额外的跨部门溢出和投资效应的空间，这有助于解德国是欧盟范围内溢出效应最大的接收国，预计十年内将获得148亿欧元的溢出效应。根据RRF计划，德国数字投资的总体潜在宏观经济影响估计为308亿欧元（占GDP的0.7%），是德国数字RR F投资（129亿欧元）的两倍多。制造业是主要受益方，约占总体影响的118亿欧元，其中74亿欧元这些对德国制造业的巨大溢出效应反映了德国经济的结构特征：庞大且高度互联的工业基础，以及机械、电子设备和工业技术领域的强大专业化优势。其他成员国在数字基础设施和数字化方面的投资，对这些制成品和中间产品产生了大量需求，从而为德国创造了显著的溢出效应。德国从其他成员国数字RRF投资获得的溢出效应主要来自意大利（26.1%）和西班牙（24.5%），其次是在荷兰，数字投资的总经济影响估计为61亿欧元，约为其自身数字RRF投资（12亿欧元）规模的五倍，这主要得益于其他成员国计划（41亿欧元）的溢出效应。这些溢出效应在制造业、专业和行政服务以及贸易和运输部门尤为明显。制造业通过供应最终和中间计算机、电子商品以及机械设备受益，而专业和行政服务则受益于荷兰在商业、金融、数字和咨询服务方面的强大专业化。对贸易和运输活动的溢出效应得益于鹿特丹效应（即，由于其他成员国实施其复苏与韧性计划所需的进口商品通过鹿特丹港过境，随后再出口到最终目的地，对这些行业产生的积极影响）。溢出的主要来源是西班牙（27.7%）和意大利

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