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图3到2030年新兴市场与发展中经济体（EMDCs，不含中国）及V20集团国家的年度气候资金需求_第3页

图3到2030年新兴市场与发展中经济体（EMDCs，不含中国）及V20集团国家的年度气候资金需求_第4页

图3到2030年新兴市场与发展中经济体（EMDCs，不含中国）及V20集团国家的年度气候资金需求_第5页

所属报告：

国合会：2024-2025年度专题政策研究报告-绿色发展国际合作（49页）.pdf

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而言，气候脆弱性与其说是地理问题，不如说是社会经济困境。它们同时遭受缓发性气候变化事件和突发性灾害的冲击，同时受限于发展水平不足、经济不确定性加剧与系统性融资障碍，陷入了“发展陷阱”一一经济成果被气候影响侵蚀，高昂融资成本与债务压力并存，难以为气候韧性和低碳增长投入资金。 V20 集团债务报告显示，过去二十年间，气候脆弱国家因气候变化损失了约20%的集体财富（约合5250亿美元）。若无气候灾害影响，部分最严重受害国的财富本可达到当前水性与绿色增长所需资源却始终难以到位。不对等冲击：气候脆弱国家所承受的气候冲击远远超过其对全球排放的贡献。经济压力：高昂的资本成本、不可持续的债务负担及财政空间受限，使韧性与复苏投资举步维艰。技术鸿沟：缺乏公平可及的绿色技术，使得其适应能力与经济转型难以实现; 复苏中断：频繁的气候灾害导致恢复期延长，形成“危机循环”，而非持续进步; 制度壁垒：现行体系加剧不平等，阻碍经济转型与气候繁荣之路。技术与数据差距：绿色技术获取不均叠加灾害与暴露度数据不足，制约适应能力与经济多元化发展。治理与人力能力缺口：有限的制度能力、治理挑战以及技能型人力资源的不足，制约了气候规划的有效开展、政策的落实以及灾害应对能力。危机的核心在于日益恶化的财政困境，一方面债务偿还导致资金大幅流出，另一方面赠款规模持续缩水。方面，V20集团成员国平均债务偿还额在政府收入中的占比已升至历史高位（15%），其中 11个成员国的债务偿还额更超过政府收入的 25%。许多V20 集团成员国融资成本持续高于发达经济体，部分因为前者债务中包含气候风险溢价等因素。2023 年，V20国家的外部主权债务总额达到1.01万亿美元，其中多边开发银行（MDBs）是最大的债权人类别，占

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